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dc.contributor.authorLagiou, Pagona
dc.contributor.authorSandin, Sven
dc.contributor.authorLöf, Marie
dc.contributor.authorTrichopoulos, Dimitrios
dc.contributor.authorAdami, Hans-Olov
dc.contributor.authorWeiderpass, Elisabete
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-23T09:51:21Z
dc.date.available2022-05-23T09:51:21Z
dc.date.issued2012-06-26
dc.description.abstractObjective To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health.<p> <p>Design Prospective cohort study. <p>Setting Uppsala, Sweden. <p>Participants From a random population sample, 43 396 Swedish women, aged 30-49 years at baseline, completed an extensive dietary questionnaire and were followed-up for an average of 15.7 years. <p>Main outcome measures Association of incident cardiovascular diseases (ascertained by linkage with nationwide registries), overall and by diagnostic category, with decreasing carbohydrate intake (in tenths), increasing protein intake (in tenths), and an additive combination of these variables (low carbohydrate-high protein score, from 2 to 20), adjusted for intake of energy, intake of saturated and unsaturated fat, and several non-dietary variables. <p>Results A one tenth decrease in carbohydrate intake or increase in protein intake or a 2 unit increase in the low carbohydrate-high protein score were all statistically significantly associated with increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease overall (n=1270)—incidence rate ratio estimates 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.08), 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06), and 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08). No heterogeneity existed in the association of any of these scores with the five studied cardiovascular outcomes: ischaemic heart disease (n=703), ischaemic stroke (n=294), haemorrhagic stroke (n=70), subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=121), and peripheral arterial disease (n=82). <p>Conclusions Low carbohydrate-high protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.en_US
dc.identifier.citationLagiou P, Sandin S, Löf M, Trichopoulos D, Adami H, Weiderpass E. Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2012;344
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 966687
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bmj.e4026
dc.identifier.issn0959-8146
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/25252
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherBMJen_US
dc.relation.journalBMJ. British Medical Journal
dc.relation.urihttps://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e4026
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2012 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titleLow carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort studyen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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