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dc.contributor.authorKaria, Ajay
dc.contributor.authorNorman, Richard
dc.contributor.authorRobinson, Suzanne
dc.contributor.authorLehnbom, Elin
dc.contributor.authorLaba, Tracey-Lea
dc.contributor.authorDurakovic, Iva
dc.contributor.authorBalane, Christine
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Rohina
dc.contributor.authorWebster, Ruth
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-10T11:50:57Z
dc.date.available2022-08-10T11:50:57Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-02
dc.description.abstractObjective To describe the pharmacists’ workflow, including tasks and time spent, to better understand their work capacity.<p> <p>Design Cross-sectional, observational, time and motion study. <p>Setting Community pharmacies in Western Australia and New South Wales, Australia. <p>Participants Currently registered and practising pharmacists were approached using snowball sampling and selected using purposive techniques to obtain balance representation of metropolitan and rural pharmacies, as well as high and low script volumes where possible. <p>Results Twenty-four pharmacists across 15 pharmacies participated during the 135 sessions totalling over 274 hours of observation. Dispensing (30%), indirect patient services (17%), counselling (15%) and professional management activities (15%) were the top four duties pharmacists performed, while only 2% of time was spent on professional services such as pain clinics and influenza vaccinations. Tasks were frequently interrupted and often performed simultaneously. Breaks and consumer-contact times were limited. More time was spent on professional service activities in non-metropolitan pharmacies, in pharmacies with greater daily prescription volumes and those with one or more support pharmacists. <p>Conclusions This is the first study to quantify the pharmacists’ tasks in Australian community pharmacies. Much time is being spent on dispensing, supply and management activities with little time for providing additional professional services. An extra supporting pharmacist is likely necessary to increase professional services. These findings could support future research around barriers and enablers of conducive workflows and of extended professional services.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKaria, Norman, Robinson, Lehnbom, Laba, Durakovic, Balane, Joshi, Webster. Pharmacist's time spent: Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE (SPICE)-an observational time and motion study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(3):e055597en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2027303
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055597
dc.identifier.issn2044-6055
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/26092
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherBMJen_US
dc.relation.journalBMJ Open
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titlePharmacist's time spent: Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE (SPICE)-an observational time and motion studyen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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