Hip fractures in Norway – Inequity in treatment and outcomes
Permanent link
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27134Date
2022-11-11Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Author
Kjærvik, CatoAbstract
Hip fractures commonly affect frail elderly people and have significant consequences for the patient and society. The aim of this research project was to examine variation in treatment and outcomes after hip fracture in Norway, explore explanations for and consequences of variation of in-hospital waiting time, and assess risk factors for death after hip fracture and their relative importance. The survival pattern and duration of excess mortality after hip fractures were also assessed.
The project was a retrospective study based on 41,699 recorded hip fractures in the National Hip Fracture Register (NHFR) from 2014 to 2018. Data from the NHFR were linked with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. A survey of the services provided in all Norwegian hospitals treating hip fractures was also carried out.
The study showed a clear variation between Norwegian hospitals regarding adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures. Only 54.9% of patients received treatment as recommended in the guidelines. A main proportion of non-adherence was related to preoperative waiting time before treatment and the use of uncemented prosthetic stems. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 23 hours. The longest waiting time was observed for patients with high comorbidity, and in hospitals with high patient volumes. Deviations from guidelines had consequences for patients in the form of increased mortality and increased reoperation rates. An increasing proportion of patients received recommended treatment towards the end of the study period. Patient factors (comorbidity, socioeconomic and residential status), and system factors (hospital volume and availability of orthogeriatric services) affected mortality and hence survival after hip fractures. Non-modifiable risk factors were more strongly associated to death than modifiable ones. Excess mortality measured by standardized mortality ratios (SMR) after hip fractures was initially high, with a SMR of 3.53 at one year. SMR remained high but falling during the first 24 months, then levelling off but was higher than the reference population (SMR 2.48) at six years.
Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures varied considerably, with increasing adherence over the study period of five years. The waiting time from hospitalization to surgery was affected by both patient and system factors. Increased waiting time led to increased mortality for patients. Patient, socioeconomic and healthcare factors contributed to increased mortality after hip fractures. Hip fracture patients have significant excess mortality compared to the general population, especially the first year after the injury.
Has part(s)
Paper I: Kjaervik, C., Stensland, E., Byhring, H.S., Gjertsen, J.-E., Dybvik, E. & Soereide, O. (2020). Hip fracture treatment in Norway deviation from evidence-based treatment guidelines: data from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register, 2014 to 2018. Bone & Joint Open, 1(10), 644-653. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20141.
Paper II: Kjaervik, C., Gjertsen, J.-E., Engeseter, L., Stensland, E., Dybvik, E. & Soereide, O. (2021). Waiting time for hip fracture surgery: hospital variation, causes, and effects on postoperative mortality: data on 37,708 reported operations to the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register from 2014 to 2018. Bone & Joint Open, 2(9), 710-720. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22526.
Paper III: Kjaervik, C., Gjertsen, J.-E., Stensland, E., Saltyte-Benth, J. & Soereide, O. (2022). Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in hip fracture mortality in Norway, 2014 to 2018 - a linked multiregistry study. The Bone & Joint Journal, 104-B(7), 884-893. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26027.
Publisher
UiT The Arctic University of NorwayUiT Norges arktiske universitet
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