Expression and activity of NADPH oxidases (NOX) and the ROS-mediated effects on γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) expression in cancer cells
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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/2896View/ Open
Thesis introduction (PDF)
Chandra Ravuri, Gunbjørg Svineng, Serhiy Pankiv and Nils-Erik Huseby: 'Endogenous production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase complexes is a determinant of γ-glutamyltransferase expression.' (Manuscript). Published version, in Free Radical Research, May 2011, Vol. 45, No. 5, Pages 600-610 is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2011.564164 (PDF)
Date
2010-12-10Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Author
Ravuri, Chandra SekharAbstract
Cancer cells with the ability to metastasize have also an ability to adapt and survive in new surroundings. This is connected to their ability to alter the balance between and the level of oxidants and antioxidants within the cell. To understand how cancer cells do this, a panel of cancer cells were examined with respect to genes that can affect the oxidant production. These cells had been isolated from patients with epithelial carcinoma in skin and/or mouth. The results showed that cancer cells from different patients have different sets of the enzyme system NADPH oxidase (NOX) that regulates a substantial part of the oxidant production of the cells. All cell lines were found to express mRNA for two or more NOX core proteins and several of the regulatory subunits, thus indicating that all cell lines have the potential to produce oxidants by the NOX systems upon adequate activation. However, no consistent pattern of expression was identified among the cell lines derived from the same type of cancer. Using two cancer cell lines, it was shown that the NOX system affects the expression of the enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). This enzyme is of importance for the ability of cancer cells to produce the antioxidant glutathione. The results showed that by regulating the level of oxidants, the NOX system as well as the mitochondria also changes the level of GGT. This shows that cancer cells not only increase the oxidant level as part of the ability to metastasize but also the level of antioxidants as part of their defence against the oxidants. The high level of oxidants is apparently part of the aggressive properties of cancer cells and can be an important element in new treatment regimes. Kreftceller som har evne til spredning har også evne til å tilpasse seg og overleve i nye omgivelser. Dette har bla sammenheng med at de kan endre balansen mellom og nivåene av oksidanter og antioksidanter inne i cellen. For å kunne forstå hvordan kreftcellene gjør dette ble et panel av kreftceller undersøkt mht gener som kan påvirke oksidant produksjonen. Disse kreftcellene ble isolert fra pasienter med plateepitelkarsinomer i hud og/eller munnhule. Resultatene viste at kreftceller fra ulike pasienter har ulike sett med enzymsystemet NADPH oksidase (NOX) som regulerer en vesentlig del av cellenes oksidant produksjon. Alle cellelinjene uttrykte mRNA for minst to NOX kjerne proteiner og flere av deres regulatoriske proteiner, som indikerer at alle cellelinjene har et potensial til å produsere oksidanter gjennom NOX systemet etter tilstrekkelig aktivering. I et mindre antall krefttyper ble det også vist at NOX systemet påvirker et enzym med navn gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Dette enzymet har stor betydning for cellenes evne til å produsere antioksidanten glutation. Funnene viste at NOX enzymene og mitokondriene gjennom å regulere oksidant nivået, også endret cellens nivå av GGT. Dette viser at kreftcellene både kan øke nivået av oksidanter som ledd i evnen til spredning, og dessuten av antioksidanter som del av cellenes eget forsvaret mot oksidantene. Det høye oksidantnivået kan ha sammenheng med kreftcellenes aggressive egenskaper, og vil være et viktig ledd i nye behandlingsopplegg.
Description
Papers number 1 and 3 of the thesis are not available in Munin:
1. Chandra Ravuri, Elin Halder-Olsen, Synnøve Magnussen, Hilde Ljones Wetting, Reidar Grénman, Jan-Olof Winberg, Nils-Erik Huseby and Gunbjørg Svineng: 'NADPH oxidase isoforms and their regulatory subunits are differently expressed in human squamous cell carcinoma cells.' (Manuscript)
3. Chandra Ravuri, Gunbjørg Svineng and Nils-Erik Huseby: 'Upregulated expression of γ-glutamyltransferase as a consequence of mitochondrial uncoupling.' (Manuscript)
1. Chandra Ravuri, Elin Halder-Olsen, Synnøve Magnussen, Hilde Ljones Wetting, Reidar Grénman, Jan-Olof Winberg, Nils-Erik Huseby and Gunbjørg Svineng: 'NADPH oxidase isoforms and their regulatory subunits are differently expressed in human squamous cell carcinoma cells.' (Manuscript)
3. Chandra Ravuri, Gunbjørg Svineng and Nils-Erik Huseby: 'Upregulated expression of γ-glutamyltransferase as a consequence of mitochondrial uncoupling.' (Manuscript)
Publisher
Universitetet i TromsøUniversity of Tromsø
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