'In-' como operador escalar y su comportamiento adjetival
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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/30666Date
2023-01-11Type
Journal articleTidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed
Author
Fábregas, AntonioAbstract
The literature has repeatedly pointed out the association of the prefix in-, usually classified as ‘negative’, and the category of adjectives. There are many cases cited in the literature in which the prefix makes it easier for a base of verbal category to be interpreted as an adjective (opinado ‘believed’ ~ inopinado ‘unexpected’), as well as some cases in which the prefix turns a noun into an adjective (color ‘colour’ ~ incoloro ‘colourless’). However, these cases contrast with the fact that the prefix in- is rarely combined with nominal or verbal bases, and mostly takes qualifying adjectives as its formation bases. If the negative prefix were an element with the ability to turn a base into an adjective, one would expect it to be combined more broadly with verbal or nominal bases, on which it would impose an adjectival reading. Therefore, a way must be found in which the prefix facilitates but does not impose an adjectival interpretation of the base. Similarly, the negative prefix in-, if treated as a quantifier, should initially block the presence of quantifiers that operate on the same variable, but this prefix —in contrast to no— never blocks degree modification of the whole word. In this work I argue that this association between the prefix and the adjectival reading is due to the fact that the prefix must be understood as an element whose function is to invert the directionality of a scale of values, causing degree to select the complementary degree interval that would be selected in the positive version; its almost total association with adjectives follows from the fact that it is precisely adjectives that provide these necessary scales for the semantics of the prefix. It is because it inverts the scale that this prefix does not block the reading of degree in combination with other quantifiers. This analysis is positioned against proposals in which the prefix changes by itself the category of the base or is a degree quantifier that selects the lower values of the scale: on the contrary, it simply defines the complementary set of values that the degree quantifier selects within a scale.