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dc.contributor.advisorSvensen, Camilla
dc.contributor.authorGawinski, Christine
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-08T11:11:52Z
dc.date.available2024-10-08T11:11:52Z
dc.date.embargoEndDate2025-10-31
dc.date.issued2024-10-31
dc.description.abstractMeasurements of secondary production—the generation of heterotrophic biomass over time—are scarce in Arctic marine ecosystems but crucial for studying food web dynamics. Large, lipid-rich copepods of the genus Calanus dominate Arctic mesozooplankton biomass, while small copepods (<2 mm adult size) are most abundant yet understudied due to study biases. This PhD thesis aimed to 1) elucidate spatial and temporal patterns in secondary production and its drivers in the Barents Sea, 2) enhance our understanding of the role of small copepods in Arctic marine ecosystems, and 3) improve methodologies for determining secondary production. Mesozooplankton secondary production was highest in the Atlantic region, with a significant contribution from small copepods and other mesozooplankton taxa. Production of copepods peaked in the northern Barents Sea in summer, primarily due to high Calanus spp. contribution. This indicates a more direct energy flow to higher trophic levels in the northern Barents Sea compared to the Atlantic region, where small copepods increase the steps between primary producers and higher trophic levels. A seasonal shift in trophic dynamics was linked to the higher relative contribution of small copepods to copepod secondary production in winter. This underscores their importance in maintaining trophic dynamics during winter when larger species are less active. Secondary production was influenced by water temperature, food availability, sea-ice dynamics, mesozooplankton advection, predation pressure, and seasonal migration patterns. The future northern Barents Sea ecosystem will likely resemble that of the Atlantic region, with smaller Calanus spp. and small copepods playing larger roles, affecting the entire food web. Future research should develop local growth rate models considering food limitation by microzooplankton availability and data on vital rates of small copepods in cold waters, gather seasonal carbon weight data for key species, and use a combined approach of traditional net sampling and optical plankton imaging devices.en_US
dc.description.abstractMålinger av sekundærproduksjon—genereringen av heterotrof biomasse over tid—er sjeldne i arktiske marine økosystemer, men avgjørende for å studere næringsnettdynamikk. Store, lipidrike hoppekreps av slekten Calanus dominerer biomassen av arktisk mesozooplankton, mens små hoppekreps (voksen størrelse <2 mm) er mest tallrike, men lite studert på grunn av bias i studier. Denne doktorgradsavhandlingen hadde som mål å 1) belyse romlige og tidsmessige mønstre i sekundærproduksjon og dens drivere i Barentshavet, 2) forbedre vår forståelse av små hoppekreps' rolle i arktiske marine økosystemer, og 3) forbedre metodene for å bestemme sekundærproduksjon. Sekundærproduksjon av mesozooplankton var høyest i den atlantiske regionen, med betydelig bidrag fra små hoppekreps og andre mesozooplanktongrupper. Produksjonen av hoppekreps var høyest i det nordlige Barentshavet, hovedsakelig på grunn av høy Calanus spp.-bidrag. Dette indikerer en mer direkte energiflyt til høyere trofiskenivåer i det nordlige Barentshavet sammenlignet med den atlantiske regionen, hvor små hoppekreps øker antall trinn mellom primærprodusenter og høyere trofiskenivåer. Et sesongskifte i trofiskedynamikker var knyttet til den høyere relative andelen av små hoppekreps i sekundærproduksjonen av hoppekreps om vinteren. Dette understreker deres betydning for å opprettholde trofiskedynamikker om vinteren når større arter er mindre aktive. Sekundærproduksjon ble påvirket av vanntemperatur, mattilgjengelighet, sjøisdynamikk, adveksjon av mesozooplankton, predasjonstrykk og sesongmessige migrasjonsmønstre. Det fremtidige økosystemet i det nordlige Barentshavet vil sannsynligvis ligne den atlantiske regionen, med Calanus spp. i mindre størrelse og små hoppekreps som kommer å spille større roller og påvirker hele næringsnettet. Fremtidig forskning bør utvikle lokale vekstrate modeller som tar hensyn til matbegrensning fra microzooplankton tilgjengelighet og data om vitale rater for små hoppekreps i kaldt vann, samle sesongmessige karbonvektsdata for nøkkelarter, og bruke en kombinert tilnærming av tradisjonell nettfangst og optiske planktonavbildningsenheter.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractEven though small copepods (<2 mm in size) are highly numerous in Arctic marine ecosystems, their role in the food web is not well understood due to traditional use of large-meshed nets and a focus on large, lipid-rich copepods. It is important to know how much biomass copepods produce over time (i.e. secondary production), as they are an essential food source for many organisms. The aims of this PhD thesis were to describe spatial and temporal patterns of secondary production in the Barents Sea and improve methods to measure it. Small copepods played a crucial role for secondary production in the region of the Barents Sea influenced by warm water from the North Atlantic. Additionally, their importance was especially high in winter, a season previously thought unproductive as large copepods overwinter at depth. With continuing ocean warming, small copepods will likely become more prevalent in a future Barents Sea, making it crucial to understand consequences for ecosystem productivity.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work presented in this PhD thesis was funded by ‘The Nansen Legacy’ project (Research Council of Norway, project number #276730) and UiT The Arctic University of Norway.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8266-265-9
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/35127
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Gawinski, C., Basedow, S.L., Sundfjord, A. & Svensen, C. (2024). Secondary production at the Barents Sea polar front in summer: contribution of different size classes of mesozooplankton. <i>Marine Ecology Progress Series, 735</i>, 77-101. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34448>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34448</a>. <p>Paper II: Gawinski, C., Daase, M., Primicerio, R., Amargant-Arumí, M., Müller, O., Wold, A., … Svensen, C. (2024). Response of the copepod community to interannual differences in sea-ice cover and water masses in the northern Barents Sea. <i>Frontiers in Marine Science, 11</i>, 1308542. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34347>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34347</a>. <p>Paper III: Gawinski, C., Kwasniewski, S., Halvorsen, E., Daase, M. & Svensen, C. Seasonality of <i>Oithona similis</i> population dynamics, reproductive characteristics, and contribution to copepod secondary production in the northern Barents Sea. (Manuscript).en_US
dc.relation.isbasedonGawinski, C., Dmoch, K. & Svensen, C. (2024). Mesozooplankton abundance, biomass and copepod secondary production at the Barents Sea polar front, June 2011. Version 1.6. Sampling event dataset. <i>GBIF</i>, <a href=https://doi.org/10.15468/vhj6jj>https://doi.org/10.15468/vhj6jj</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsembargoedAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-002
dc.subjectSecondary productionen_US
dc.subjectMesozooplanktonen_US
dc.subjectCalanus spp.en_US
dc.subjectOithona similisen_US
dc.subjectBarents Seaen_US
dc.subjectEgg incubation methoden_US
dc.subjectEmpirical growth rate modelen_US
dc.titleSpatial and temporal patterns of mesozooplankton secondary production in the northern Barents Sea: Are small copepods important?en_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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