Granularity and its importance for traceability in seafood supply chains
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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/3586Date
2011-08-26Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Author
Karlsen, Kine MariAbstract
The purpose of this thesis was to study granularity and its importance for traceability in seafood supply chains. The following hypothesis was applied in this thesis: The implementation of traceability of seafood is affected by the granularity level of the traceable units. Three sub-tasks were carried out to test the hypothesis: 1) identify critical traceability points (CTPs) of seafood products, 2) study critical criteria during implementation of traceability and 3) investigate different granularity levels of traceable units. This thesis documents information lost within and between companies in three supply chains (papers I-III). This knowledge was necessary information when implementing traceability in a fresh fish supply chain in paper III.
Paper III presents an industrial implementation of electronic chain traceability in a fresh fish supply chain. The experience gained from this study showed that implementation is complex and involves many different aspects that affect each other. Critical criteria when implementing traceability were identified. One finding was that identification of costs and benefits of traceability was critical for implementation success. It was concluded increased knowledge of the costs and benefits of traceability was needed.
Different granularity levels of the traceable units were studied in paper IV. One of the findings was that there are different possibilities with regard to granularity levels of batches. The key is to design the traceability system at the right granularity level based on the users’ needs for information at acceptable costs.
The finding from this thesis shows that implementation of traceability of seafood is affected by the granularity level of the traceable units. Thus one of the first steps in implementation of traceability should be an evaluation of the optimal granularity level of the traceable units within the involved companies. There should be an open discussion of the distribution of costs and benefits between these companies (Mai et al. 2010). This evaluation will decide the complexity of the traceability system, and can affect the practical solutions and specification of the IT-systems when implementing traceability. Fine granularity level will increase the complexity of the traceability system, and will give higher costs because there will be more information to record, increased numbers of transactions, new systems and procedures (Golan et al. 2004). Målsettingen i dette studiet var å studere ulike sporbarhetsnivåer (såkalt granularitet) og disse nivåenes betydning for sporbarhet i verdikjeder for sjømat. En hypotese er at innføring av sporbarhet for sjømat påvirkes av sporbarhetsnivået for de sporbare enhetene. Denne hypotesen ble testet ved å gjennomføre tre aktiviteter: 1) identifisere kritiske sporbarhetspunkter for sjømatprodukter, 2) studere kritiske kriterier ved innføring av sporbarhet og 3) studere ulike sporbarhetsnivåer. I studiet er det dokumentert at informasjonen forsvinner i bedriftene og mellom bedriftene (artiklene I-III). Denne kunnskapen var nødvendig ved innføring av sporbarhet av fersk fisk i artikkel III.
Artikkel III presenterer en praktisk innføring av elektronisk kjedesporbarhet i en hel verdikjede for fersk fisk. Et av funnene er at en slik innføring er kompleks og involverer mange ulike aspekter som påvirker hverandre. Kritiske kriterier for innføring av elektronisk sporbarhet er identifisert. Et annet funn er at identifisering av kostnader og nytte ved sporbarhet er kritisk for å lykkes med en slik innføring. Det er derfor nødvendig med økt kunnskap om kostnadene og nytten i verdikjeder for sjømat.
Sporbarhet kan innføres på ulike nivåer. Dette ble studert i artikkel IV, hvor et av funnene var at det er ulike sporbarhetsnivåer for batcher. Nøkkelen er å lage et sporbarhetssystem med det riktige sporbarhetsnivået basert på brukerens behov til en akseptabel pris.
Resultatene fra studiet viser at innføring av sporbarhet påvirkes av sporbarhetsnivået. Før innføring av sporbarhet bør det derfor gjennomføres en evaluering av optimalt sporbarhetsnivå i de involverte bedriftene. Det bør gjennomføres en åpen diskusjon om fordelingen av kostnader og nytten mellom disse bedriftene (Mai et al. 2010). Denne evalueringen vil bestemme kompleksiteten av sporbarhetssystemet, og kan påvirke de praktiske løsningene og spesifikasjonen av IT-systemene. Fint sporbarhetsnivå vil øke kompleksiteten av sporbarhetssystemet, og vil gi økte kostnader pga. flere antall registreringer (mer informasjon må registreres) (Golan et al. 2004). Nye systemer og rutiner må eventuelt også innføres.
Description
The papers of the thesis are not available in Munin due to publishers' restrictions:
1. Karlsen, K.M. & Olsen, P.: 'Validity of method for analysing critical traceability points', Food Control (2011) vol. 22: 1209-1215. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.020
2. Donnelly, K.A.-M. & Karlsen, K.M.: 'Lessons from two case studies of implementing traceability in the dried salted fish industry', Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology (2010) vol. 19: 38-47. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850903430813
3. Karlsen, K.M., Forås, E., Sørensen, C.-F. & Olsen, P.: 'Critical criteria when implementing electronic chain traceability in a fish supply chain', Food Control (2011) vol. 22: 1339-1347. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.02.010
4. Karlsen, K.M., Donnelly, K.A.-M. & Olsen, P.: 'Granularity and its importance for traceability in a farmed salmon supply chain', Journal of Food Engineering (2011) vol. 102: 1-8. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.06.022
1. Karlsen, K.M. & Olsen, P.: 'Validity of method for analysing critical traceability points', Food Control (2011) vol. 22: 1209-1215. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.020
2. Donnelly, K.A.-M. & Karlsen, K.M.: 'Lessons from two case studies of implementing traceability in the dried salted fish industry', Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology (2010) vol. 19: 38-47. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850903430813
3. Karlsen, K.M., Forås, E., Sørensen, C.-F. & Olsen, P.: 'Critical criteria when implementing electronic chain traceability in a fish supply chain', Food Control (2011) vol. 22: 1339-1347. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.02.010
4. Karlsen, K.M., Donnelly, K.A.-M. & Olsen, P.: 'Granularity and its importance for traceability in a farmed salmon supply chain', Journal of Food Engineering (2011) vol. 102: 1-8. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.06.022
Publisher
Universitetet i TromsøUniversity of Tromsø
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