dc.contributor.advisor | Morseth, Bente | |
dc.contributor.author | Johansen, Kristoffer Robin | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-14T10:57:54Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-05-14T10:57:54Z | |
dc.date.embargoEndDate | 2030-05-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-05-27 | |
dc.description.abstract | Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia worldwide, is associated with an increased risk of stroke and mortality. Low to moderate physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced AF risk. Conversely, high PA is associated with an increased risk. Thus, it is unclear whether the beneficial effect of high PA is offset by an increased AF risk. Furthermore, the impact of PA on stroke and mortality in individuals with AF remains understudied. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to examine how PA and long-term endurance sport practice affect the risk of AF and related adverse events such as stroke and mortality. In paper I (men) and II (women) we included athletes from the Birkebeiner Ageing Study and non-athletes from The Tromsø Study (≥65 years) to examine the association between endurance sport practice and AF. In paper I the association with stroke was also studied. In paper III we documented the 10-year risk of mortality in the same cohort as in study I. In paper IV participants from the Tromsø Study and the Trøndelag Health Study were included to study the impact of PA on stroke and mortality in individuals with and without AF. We observed that high PA and especially long-term endurance sport practice increased the risk of AF. However, high PA and endurance sport practice were also associated with a reduced risk of stroke and mortality. Furthermore, in individuals with AF, PA was associated with reduced stroke rates and an increased life-expectancy. Although high PA may increase the risk of AF, the beneficial effects seem to largely outweigh this negative effect. Moreover, the substantial health benefits of PA observed in individuals with AF suggest that PA should be implemented as a complementary component to conventional treatment of AF. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Atrieflimmer (AF), den vanligste arytmien på verdensbasis, er forbundet med en økt risiko for hjerneslag og forhøyet dødelighet. Lave til moderate nivåer av fysisk aktivitet er forbundet med en redusert AF risiko. Derimot er høye nivåer av fysisk aktivitet forbundet med en forhøyet risiko. Dermed er det uklart om de gunstige effektene av høy fysisk aktivitet utlignes av en forhøyet AF risiko. Videre er forskning på innvirkningen av fysisk aktivitet på slagrisiko og dødelighet hos individer med AF manglende. Formålet med denne doktorgradsavhandlingen var å undersøke hvordan fysisk aktivitet og langvarig utholdenhetstrening påvirker risiko for AF og relaterte utfall som hjerneslag og dødelighet. I artikkel I (menn) og II (kvinner) inkluderte vi utholdenhetsutøvere fra Birkebeiner Aldringsstudien og ikke-utøvere fra Tromsøundersøkelsen (≥65 år) for å studere sammenhengen mellom utholdenhetstrening og AF. I artikkel I ble sammenhengen med hjerneslag også studert. I artikkel III ble risikoen død over en 10-årsperiode undersøkt i samme kohort som i studie I. I artikkel IV ble deltagere fra Tromsøundersøkelsen og HUNT studien inkludert for å undersøke effekten av fysisk aktivitet på slagrisiko og dødelighet hos individer med og uten AF. Vi observerte at høy fysisk aktivitet og spesielt langvarig utholdenhetstrening var forbundet med en forhøyet risiko for AF. Likevel var høy fysisk aktivitet og utholdenhetstrening også forbundet med en redusert risiko for slag og lavere dødelighet. Videre, blant individer med AF var fysisk aktivitet assosiert med en redusert hjerneslagsfrekvens og forhøyet forventet levetid. Selv om høy fysisk aktivitet ser ut til å være forbundet med en økt risiko for AF, ser det ut til at de gunstige effektene av fysisk aktivitet overskygger denne negative effekten. Videre observeres det betydelige helseeffekter av fysisk aktivitet blant individer med AF. Dette tyder på at fysisk aktivitet burde implementeres som en komplementær komponent til konvensjonell behandling av AF. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | Atrial fibrillation is a common heart rhythm disorder associated with an increased stroke and mortality risk. The relationship between physical activity and atrial fibrillation is complex. Therefore, we studied the impact of physical activity on the risk of atrial fibrillation and related adverse events. We included older participants from Birkebeinerrennet and individuals from two large population studies. High physical activity levels, especially long-term endurance sport practice was related to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, a simultaneous risk reduction for stroke and mortality was seen. Similarly, in individuals with atrial fibrillation, high physical activity was related to a reduced stroke risk and an increased life-expectancy. This suggests that the benefits of high physical activity outweigh the risks, and that regular physical activity offers substantial health advantages in individuals living with atrial fibrillation. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | The Northern Norway Regional Health Authority. Project number HNF1568-21. | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-350-0023-1 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/37069 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Johansen, K.R., Ranhoff, A.H., Sørensen, E., Nes, B.M., Heitmann, K.A., Apelland, T., … Myrstad, M. (2022). Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke among older men exposed to prolonged endurance sport practice: a 10-year follow-up. The Birkebeiner Ageing Study and the Tromsø Study. <i>Open Heart, 9</i>(2), e002154. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28097>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28097</a>.
<p>Paper II: Myrstad, M., Johansen, K.R., Sørensen, E., Løchen, M.L., Ranhoff, A.H. & Morseth, B. (2024). Atrial fibrillation in female endurance athletes. <i>European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 31</i>(5), e27-e29. Published version not available in Munin due to publisher’s restrictions. Published version available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwad218>https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwad218</a>. Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29803>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29803</a>
<p>Paper III: Johansen, K.R., Ranhoff, A.H., Sørensen, E., Nes, B.M., Bucher-Sandbakk, S., Wilsgaard, T., … Myrstad, M. (2023). Ten-year mortality among older male recreational endurance athletes in the Birkebeiner Aging Study in comparison with older men from the Tromsø Study. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33</i>(8), 1541-1551. Also available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14385>https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14385</a>.
<p>Paper IV: Johansen, K.R., Nes, B.M., Malmo, V., Myrstad, M., Thelle, D.S., Heitmann, K.A., Morseth, B. Stroke risk and mortality related to physical activity level in individuals with and without atrial fibrillation: A prospective cohort study of 87 099 participants in The HUNT Study and The Tromsø Study. (Manuscript). | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | embargoedAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | "Atrial fibrillation" "physical activity" "endurance sport practice" "endurance athletes" "stroke" "mortality" | en_US |
dc.title | Physical activity, endurance sport practice, atrial fibrillation, and prevention of adverse events: The Norwegian Exercise in Atrial Fibrillation Study (NEXAF) | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |