“This is the Amazon, but do you hear the birds sing?” A study of Norwegian extractivism and its colonial echoes in Barcarena

Abstract

This thesis explores the intersection of Norwegian extractivism and its colonial echoes in Barcarena, Pará, Brazil, with a focus on the impact of mining activities tied to Norsk Hydro’s Alunorte/Albras complex, specifically in the bauxite refining and aluminum production processes. Drawing on decolonial and activist research frameworks, this study critically examines the contradictions in Norway’s image as an environmental leader and protector of the rainforest—an image reinforced through diplomatic efforts like the Amazon Fund and the green transition—while simultaneously supporting extractive industries that perpetuate colonial dynamics.<p>

<p>Through fieldwork, interviews, and social cartography, this research delves into the socio-environmental and gendered impacts faced by Indigenous and traditional communities resisting extractivism and corporate exploitation. The thesis highlights how Norsk Hydro’s operations contribute to land dispossession, environmental degradation, and social inequality, despite existing international frameworks intended to protect Indigenous rights. The findings engage with broader discussions around corporate complicity in exploitation, environmental justice, and the role of activist research in supporting the struggles of oppressed communities and peoples.<p>

<p>Ultimately, this work seeks to bridge the gap between academia and social movements, providing insights into how scholarly research can be an ally in grassroots efforts for land, life, and dignity.