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dc.contributor.authorBjørkedal, Espen
dc.contributor.authorFlaten, Magne Arve
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-05T11:49:47Z
dc.date.available2012-03-05T11:49:47Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractIn a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial it is assumed that psychosocial effects of the treatment, regression to the mean and spontaneous remission are identical in the drug and placebo group. Consequently, any difference between the groups can be ascribed to the pharmacological effects. Previous studies suggest that side effects of drugs can enhance expectancies of treatment effects in the drug group compared to the placebo group, and thereby increase placebo responses in the drug group compared to the placebo group. The hypothesis that side effects of drugs can enhance expectancies and placebo responses was tested. Painful laser stimuli were delivered to 20 healthy subjects before and after administration of a drink with 0 or 4 mg/kg caffeine. The drink was administered either with information that it contained a painkiller or that it was a placebo. Laser-evoked potentials and reports of pain, expectancy, arousal and stress were measured. Results Four milligrammes per kilogramme of caffeine reduced pain. Information that a painkiller was administered increased the analgesic effect of caffeine compared to caffeine administered with no drug information. This effect was mediated by expectancies. Information and expectancies had no effect on pain intensity when 0 mg/kg was administered. The analgesic effect of caffeine was increased by information that a painkiller was administered. This was due to an interaction of the pharmacological action of the drug and expectancies. Hence, psychosocial effects accompanying a treatment can differ when an active drug is administered compared to a placebo.en
dc.identifier.citationPsychopharmacology 215(2011) nr. 3 s. 537-548en
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 806629
dc.identifier.doidoi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2233-4
dc.identifier.issn0033-3158
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/3899
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:no-uit_munin_3621
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherSpringer Verlagen
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccess
dc.subjectVDP::Social science: 200::Psychology: 260::Cognitive psychology: 267en
dc.subjectVDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260::Kognitiv psykologi: 267en
dc.titleInteraction between expectancies and drug effects : an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placeboen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen
dc.typePeer revieweden


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