Blar i tittel Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet
Viser treff 2681-2700 av 10152
-
The effects of and experiences from participation in GroupCoreDIST- a new, individualized, group-based, physiotherapy intervention for ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis. A mixed methods study including a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative interview study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-05-27)<p><i>Introduction: </i>Balance and walking deviations are common in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Individualized physiotherapy is common, however, participation in individualized group physiotherapy is questioned, and needs to be explored in terms of balance and walking-status, effects and user-experiences. <p><i>Methods: </i>This parallel QUAN+QUAL mixed method study included a ... -
Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on experimentally induced heat pain in healthy volunteers
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05-02)Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that can reduce pain. Its side effects are milder than those of pharmacological treatments, and its analgesic effect on chronic pain has been demonstrated. In this study we investigated 1) the effects of anodal tDCS on pain intensity and threshold, 2) the placebo component of tDCS analgesic effect, and 3) ... -
Effects of antibiotics on the developing enamel in neonatal mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-29)Purpose Identifying factors causing Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is an ongoing challenge. Preterm infants, routinely treated with antibiotics in cases of suspected sepsis, are more commonly afected by dental developmental defects. This study aimed to investigate the efects of gentamycin and ampicillin on the developing enamel in neonatal CD-1 mice in vivo.<p> <p>Methods Neonatal mice ... -
The effects of brief mindfulness training on attentional processes: mindfulness increases prepulse facilitation but not prepulse inhibition
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-17)Mindfulness is intentional focus of one’s attention on emotions, thoughts, or sensations occurring in the present moment with a nonjudgmental attitude. Recently there has been increased interest in the effects of mindfulness practice on psychological processes such as concentration, focus, and attention. In the present study, a prepulse inhibition/facilitation (PPI/PPF) paradigm was employed to ... -
Effects of cognitive behavior therapy on eating behaviors, affective symptoms, and weight loss after bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-08-15)<p><i>Background</i>: The long-term effects of presurgical psychological interventions on weight loss, eating behaviors, affective symptoms, and health-related quality of life remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the 4-year effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) before bariatric surgery on these outcomes.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Single-center randomized controlled parallel-group ... -
Effects of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal treatments for eating disorders: a meta-analytic inquiry into the role of patient characteristics and change in eating disorder-specific and general psychopathology in remission
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-26)Background - Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapies (PIT) are two widely used and conceptually different outpatient treatments for eating disorders (EDs). To better understand how these treatments works, for whom, and under what circumstances, there is a need for knowledge about how outcomes are affected by diagnosis, comorbidity, changes in psychopathology, and ... -
Effects of Cognitive-behavioral and Psychodynamic-interpersonal Treatments for Eating Disorders: A Meta-analytic Inquiry Into the Role of Patient Characteristics, and Change in Eating Disorder-specific and General Psychopathology in Remission.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-03)Background: Knowledge about the outcomes of different psychotherapeutic approaches for eating disorders in terms of remission is limited. Also, knowledge is limited about how therapies and patient characteristics interact to affect outcomes, and by which therapeutic processes. Method: Reports on the psychotherapeutic treatment of eating disorders by CBT and PIT were searched. Rates of remission and ... -
Effects of cold decompression on hemodynamic function and DCS risk in a dry diving rat model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-03)Background: Diving in cold water is thought to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), especially if the diver is cold during decompression. In this study, we investigated hemodynamic function and DCS risk in an animal model, where cold decompression was followed by rewarming at the surface. <p> <p>Methods: Nine female Sprague Dawley rats had pressure-volume catheters inserted into ... -
Effects of Constant Flow vs. Constant Pressure Perfusion on Fluid Filtration in Severe Hypothermic Isolated Blood-Perfused Rat Lungs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-23)Victims of severe accidental hypothermia are prone to fluid extravasation but rarely develop lung edema. We hypothesize that combined hypothermia-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and a concomitant fall in cardiac output protect the lungs against edema development. Our aim was to explore in hypothermic- isolated blood-perfused rat lungs whether perfusion at constant ... -
The effects of COVID-19 vaccination strategies on vaccine uptake in the Nordic Countries. A scoping review.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-06-05)1.1 Introduction The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in 2020 by WHO helped in organizing efforts against the disease, including the manufacture of numerous vaccines. WHO recommended that all countries should vaccinate over 70% of their citizens. However, vaccination coverage is a goal that faces a lot of challenges, including vaccination hesitancy among others. This scoping review addresses ... -
Effects of dichotic listening on gait domains of healthy older adults during dual-tasking: An exploratory observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-28)<i>Background</i> - Identification of the cognitive mechanisms behind gait changes in aging is a prime endeavor in gerontology and geriatrics. For this reason, we have implemented a new dual-task paradigm where an auditory attentional task is performed during over-ground walking. Dichotic listening assesses spontaneous attention and voluntary attention directed to right and left-ear. The uniqueness ... -
Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide administration on cardiac function and reactive oxygen species production : a study in hearts from normal rats and rats with heart hypertrophy or ischemia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2011-09)Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Infarct size can be limited by interventions used after the ischemic event like the use of thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Paradoxically, however, the return of blood flow can also result in additional cardiac damage and complications, referred to as reperfusion injury. It has been shown that reperfusion ... -
The effects of experiencing stereotype threat and internal attribution of failure among women’s intentions to drop out from university
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-10)The aim of the present study was to investigate why women drop out from university, with specific focus on female students from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). We developed three hypotheses based on stereotype threat theory (Steele & Aronson, 1995) and attribution theory (Heider, 1958). The hypotheses were as following: H1) The experience of stereotype threat is related to ... -
Effects of Experimentally Induced Pain on Value-Based Decision-Making in Healthy Adults
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-16)Every day we make decisions that influence our well-being. Because of this, it is crucial that we make the most optimal decisions possible in order to minimize unnecessary loss or suffering. Some groups might be more vulnerable to making maladaptive choices, such as those suffering with chronic pain, which is associated with various cognitive impairments. As it currently stands there is not a clear ... -
Effects of gonadectomy and dihydrotestosterone on neuronal plasticity in motivation and reward related brain regions in the male rat
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-06)Gonadal hormones affect neuronal morphology to ultimately regulate behaviour. In female rats, oestradiol mediates spine plasticity in hypothalamic and limbic brain structures, contributing to long‐lasting effects on motivated behaviour. Parallel effects of androgens in male rats have not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the effect of both castration and androgen replacement on spine ... -
Effects of high intensity interval training on pregnant rats, and the placenta, heart and liver of their fetuses.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-11-13)Objective To investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the maternal heart, fetuses and placentas of pregnant rats. <p>Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to HIIT or sedentary control groups. The HIIT group was trained for 6 weeks with 10 bouts of high intensity uphill running on a treadmill for four minutes (at 85–90% of maximal oxygen consumption) ... -
Effects of instagram sports posts on the athletic motivation of female elite athletes: Do they inspire or backfire?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2021-10-08)The social networking site Instagram provides users with an abundance of photos and information in many domains including sports. The posts are often intended to inspire and motivate users. We argue that the display of success and failure of professional athletes may influence elite athletes’ own sports ambitions. Research has shown that exposure to positive ingroup stereotypes and exposure to ... -
Effects of Interventions to Prevent Work-Related Asthma, Allergy, and Other Hypersensitivity Reactions in Norwegian Salmon Industry Workers (SHInE): Protocol for a Pragmatic Allocated Intervention Trial and Related Substudies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-07)Background: Workers in the salmon processing industry have an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases and other hypersensitivity responses due to occupational exposure to bioaerosols containing fish proteins and microorganisms, and related allergens. Little is known about effective measures to reduce bioaerosol exposure and about the extent of skin complaints among workers. In addition, ... -
Effects of Linear Versus Changes of Direction Repeated Sprints on Intermittent High Intensity Running Performance in High-level Junior Football Players over an Entire Season: A Randomized Trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-06)<i>Abstract</i>: Background: Changes of direction (COD) repeated sprints (RSs) might have greater relevance to football than linear RSs. We aimed to compare the effects of linear and COD RSs on intermittent high intensity running (HIR) over an entire season. <p> <p><i>Methods</i>: In total, 19 high-level male football players (16–19 years) randomly performed linear RSs or COD RSs twice a week ... -
The Effects of Metformin on Age-Related Changes in the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-14)Age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelium, particularly the reduction in fenestrations, contribute to insulin resistance in old age. Metformin impacts on the aging process and improves insulin resistance. Therefore, the effects of metformin on the liver sinusoidal endothelium were studied. Metformin increased fenestrations in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from both young ...