Browsing Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet by Title

Now showing items 2936-2955 of 10152

    • An epidemiologic risk prediction model for ovarian cancer in Europe: The EPIC study 

      Li, Kuanrong; Hüsing, Anika; Fortner, Renée Turzanski; Tjønneland, Anne; Hansen, Louise Seier; Dossus, Laure; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Bergmann, Manuela M.; Steffen, Annika; Bamia, Christina; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Palli, Domenico; Mattiello, Amalia; Agnoli, Claudia; Tumino, Rosaria; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Peeters, Petra H.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Gram, Inger Torhild; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Sánchez-Cantalejo, Emilio; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Duell, Eric J.; Ardanaz, Eva; Idahl, Annika; Lundin, Eva; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Travis, Ruth C.; Merritt, Melissa A.; Gunter, Marc J.; Riboli, Elio; Ferrari, Pietro; Terry, Kathryn L.; Cramer, Daniel William; Kaaks, Rudolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-05)
      Background: Ovarian cancer has a high case-fatality ratio, largely due to late diagnosis. Epidemiologic risk prediction models could help identify women at increased risk who may benefit from targeted prevention measures, such as screening or chemopreventive agents.<p> <p>Methods: We built an ovarian cancer risk prediction model with epidemiologic risk factors from 202 206 women in the European ...

    • Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage strains in pre-school children in Arkhangelsk, northern European Russia, prior to the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines 

      Jensen, V. Vorobieva S.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Slotved, Hans-Christian; Bazhukova, Tatiana; Haldorsen, Bjørg; Caugant, Dominique A.; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Valentiner-Branth, Palle; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-15)
      <p><i>Background - </i>The 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in the National Immunization Programme (NIP) schedule in Russia in March 2014. Previously, the 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-7) was marketed in Russia in 2009 but has never been offered for mass vaccination. A carriage study was performed among children in Arkhangelsk in 2006. The objective was ...

    • Epidemiologisk atrieflimmerforskning i Tromsøundersøkelsen. Hva har vi lært? 

      Løchen, Maja-Lisa; Tiwari, Sweta (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Tromsøundersøkelsen er Norges lengste, mest omfattende og best besøkte epidemiologiske befolkningsundersøkelse gjennom mer enn 40 år. Forskningen har gitt oss viktig kunnskap om helse og sykdom og bidrar til bedre pasientbehandling, nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Atrieflimmerforskning har bidratt til ny kunnskap om utbredelse og risikofaktorer.

    • Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway 

      Thaulow, Christian Magnus; Lindemann, Paul Christoffer; Klingenberg, Claus; Berild, Dag; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Harthug, Stig (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05)
      Objective: To describe epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data of bacteria causing invasive infections in Norwegian children (0–18 years).<p> <p>Methods: Population-based observational study using prospectively collected AST data from the Norwegian Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance from 2013 to 2017. We included all clinically relevant bacterial isolates ...

    • Epidemiology and health related quality of life in hypoparathyroidism in Norway 

      Astor, Marianne; Løvås, Kristian; Debowska, Aleksandra; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Evang, Johan Arild; Fossum, Jan Christian; Fougner, Kristian J; Holte, Synnøve E.; Lima, Kari; Moe, Ragnar Bekkhus; Myhre, Anne Grethe; Kemp, E. Helen; Nedrebø, Bjørn Gunnar; Svartberg, Johan; Husebye, Eystein Sverre (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-17)
      <b>Objective:</b> The epidemiology of hypoparathyroidism (HP) is largely unknown. We aimed to determine prevalence, etiologies, health related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment pattern of HP.<br> <b>Methods:</b> Patients with HP and 22q11 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome) were identified in electronic hospital registries. All identified patients were invited to participate in a survey. ...

    • Epidemiology and natural history in 101 subjects with FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9. The Norwegian LGMDR9 cohort study (2020) 

      Jensen, Synnøve; Müller, Kai Ivar; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Bindoff, Laurence Albert; Rasmussen, Magnhild; Ørstavik, Kristin; Jonsrud, Christoffer; Tveten, Kristian; Nilssen, Øivind; Van Ghelue, Marijke; Arntzen, Kjell Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-25)
      We aimed to investigate the epidemiology and natural history of FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) in Norway. We identified 153 genetically confirmed subjects making the overall prevalence 2.84/100,000, the highest reported figure worldwide. Of the 153 subjects, 134 (88 %) were homozygous for FKRP c.826C>A giving a carrier frequency for this variant of 1/101 in Norway. Clinical ...

    • Epidemiology and new opportunities of investigating risk factors for congenital malformations in Northwest Russia: a registry-based linkage study 

      Kovalenko, Anton Alexandrovich (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2018-11-12)
      <p>Birth defects constitute an important public health issue as they are the main causes of perinatal and infant mortality. To address incomplete data coverage in Russia, the studies described in this thesis all have a registry-based study design, and were based on the linkage of the Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR) and the Murmansk Regional Congenital Defects Registry (MRCDR) to investigate ...

    • Epidemiology and Outcome of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Northern Norway 

      Bakland, Gunnstein (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2012-05-29)

    • Epidemiology of ANCA associated vasculitis 

      Nossent, Johannes C; Koldingsnes, Wenche (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008)

    • Epidemiology of cervical cancer and high risk of HPV infection with a focus on Arkhangelsk City and County, Northwest Russia 

      Roik, Elena Evgenievna (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-01-25)
      Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It is also known as important risk factor for cervical cancer. Generally speaking, finding any cancer at an early stage is often believed to be the most important factor for longer survival. However, age at diagnosis, residence (i.e., accessibility to health care) and cell type of the tumor (less or ...

    • Epidemiology of comorbid hazardous alcohol use and insomnia in 19 185 women and men attending the population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016 

      Husberg, Vendela; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Friborg, Oddgeir; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Bergvik, Svein; Rognmo, Kamilla (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-27)
      Background - Hazardous alcohol use is known to be comorbid with insomnia problems. The present study examined the prevalence of insomnia and if the odds of insomnia differed between women and men with a hazardous alcohol use.<p> <p>Methods - Cross-sectional data from the seventh survey of the Norwegian population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016 (participation 65%). The sample included 19 185 women ...

    • Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: Social epidemiology and case definitions revisited. 

      Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-09)
      The previous papers in this series outlined a historical panorama and presented updated knowledge about putative risk factors and how eating disorders are distributed in various populations. In this final paper, we discuss in what way comorbidity findings and transdiagnostic issues may change our conceptions about ‘an epidemiological case’ from the current definition of eating disorders based on the ...

    • The epidemiology of myocardial infarction. Trends in incidence, risk factors, severity, treatment and outcomes of myocardial infarction in a general population. 

      Mannsverk, Jan Torbjørn (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-11-07)
      Paper 1 and 2 were based on the Tromsø Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study with repeated screenings for cardiovascular risk factors and follow-up with regard to disease incidence and mortality. Paper 3 was based on a local registry of consecutively patients with presumed ST-elevation myocardial infarction who had been given prehospital thrombolytic therapy, and then admitted to the ...

    • The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder in Norway: trauma characteristics and pre-existing psychiatric disorders 

      Lassemo, Eva Irene Samant; Sandanger, Inger; Nygård, Jan Franz; Sørgaard, Knut W. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-18)
      Purpose: The prevalence of PTSD differs by gender. Pre-existing psychiatric disorders and different traumas experienced by men and women may explain this. The aims of this study were to assess (1) incidence and prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD, (2) the effect of pre-existing psychiatric disorders prior to trauma on the risk for PTSD, and (3) the effect the characteristics of trauma ...

    • The Epidemiology of Valvular Aortic Stenosis. Prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors and progression of aortic stenosis in a general population. The Tromsø Study. 

      Eveborn, Gry Debora Wisthus (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-19)
      With datasets from 3 repeated echocardiographic examinations (1994, 2001 and 2008) of a random sample of initially 3,273 participants in the Tromsø Study, we were able to give descriptive and analytical epidemiologic data on degenerative aortic valve disease. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) was defined as a mean aortic valve gradient ≥15 mmHg. There were 164 subjects with AS. We found that prevalence ...

    • Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling enhances the proinflammatory effects of staphylococcus aureus gamma-toxin on the mucosa 

      Gillman, Aaron N.; Breshears, Laura M.; Kistler, Charles K.; Finnegan, Patrick M.; Torres, Victor J.; Schlievert, Patrick M.; Peterson, Marnie L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-28)
      Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces many different exotoxins including the gamma-toxins, HlgAB and HlgCB. Gamma-toxins form pores in both leukocyte and erythrocyte membranes, resulting in cell lysis. The genes encoding gamma-toxins are present in most strains of S. aureus, and are commonly expressed in clinical isolates recovered from menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS) patients. This study ...

    • Epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized, controlled study 

      Kirov, Mikhail; Eremeev, Alexey; Smetkin, Alexey Anatolievich; Bjertnæs, Lars J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      Our aim was to assess the efficacy of thoracic epidural anesthesia (EA) followed by postoperative epidural infusion (EI) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine/fentanyl in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). In a prospective study, 93 patients were scheduled for OPCAB under propofol/fentanyl anesthesia and randomized to three postoperative analgesia regimens ...

    • Epidurals påvirkning på fødselstider og aktiv trykketid 

      Henriksen, Caroline Marie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-05-31)
      Bakgrunn: Formålet med denne oppgaven var å studere epidural analgesis påvirkning på fødselsforløpet og aktiv trykketid hos fødende. Material og metode: Data fra Partus ved Fødeavdelingene UNN, Tromsø, Finnsnes og Nordreisa, i tidsperioden 01.01.2007-31.12.2014 inngår i oppgaven. Det ble registrert 12.812 fødsler i denne perioden. Vi inkluderte kvinner som fødte etter 36 svangerskapsuke, hadde ...

    • Epigenetic mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis involve differentially methylated CpG sites beyond those associated with smoking 

      Petrovic, Dusan; Bodinier, Barbara; Dagnino, Sonia; Whitaker, Matthew; Karimi, Maryam; Campanella, Gianluca; Nøst, Therese Haugdahl; Polidoro, Silvia; Palli, Domenico; Krogh, Vittorio; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Panico, Salvatore; Lund, Eiliv; Dugué, Pierre-Antoine; Giles, Graham G; Severi, Gianluca; Southey, Melissa; Vineis, Paolo; Stringhini, Silvia; Bochud, Murielle; Sandanger, Torkjel M; Vermeulen, Roel CH; Guida, Florence; Chadeau-Hyam, Marc (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-20)
      Smoking-related epigenetic changes have been linked to lung cancer, but the contribution of epigenetic alterations unrelated to smoking remains unclear. We sought for a sparse set of CpG sites predicting lung cancer and explored the role of smoking in these associations. We analysed CpGs in relation to lung cancer in participants from two nested case–control studies, using (LASSO)-penalised ...

    • Epigenetics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contribution of DNA methylation to Ulcerative Colitis pathogenesis 

      Taman, Hagar (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-08)
      Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily affecting the colon. Along with Crohn’s disease (CD) they constitute the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic variants can only explain approximately 20 % of all IBD cases, indicating a more complex pathogenesis which is not fully understood. It has been implied that an ...