Increasing mortality in schizophrenia: Are women at particular risk? A follow-up of 1111 patients admitted during 1980-2006 in Northern Norway

Abstract

A study of mortality for all patients with schizophrenia admitted to the University Hospital of North Norway during 1980-2006 was performed, with a special focus on gender differences and changes in mortality during a period of transition from hospital-based to community-based care. A total of 1111 patients with schizophrenia were included, and the cohort was linked to the Causes of Death Register of Norway. Males and females had 3.5 and 2.6 times, respectively, higher mortality than the general population. The standardized mortality ratios were higher during the last nine years than the first nine years, and for women admitted after 1992, we found evidence for an increasing difference in mortality compared to the general female population as well as an increase in absolute mortality. In the subgroup of patients who had always been admitted voluntarily, women tended to have higher mortality, and a particularly high standardized mortality rate (SMR) was found in this group of female schizophrenic patients. Our results confirmed a persisting mortality gap between patients with schizophrenia and the general population over a period of 27 years, with a tendency of increasing standardized mortality ratios over time. The SMR for total mortality of women with schizophrenia is rising and becoming just as high as for men, both for unnatural and natural causes of death.