Pig model vs sheep model in undergraduate periodontal surgical training.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to further develop the sheep model for periodontal surgical training to undergraduate students, and compare it to the more commonly used pig model. Method: Periodontal measurements as pocket depth and gingival width were measured on a total number of 10 sheep and 9 pigs, and a pre-established list of surgical procedures were performed on both types of specimen in different areas of the dentition; gingivectomy, modified access flap with simple sutures, coronally advanced flap with sling suture, apically repositioned flap with periosteal suture, papilla preservation flap, GTR with membranes and distal wedge procedure. Quality, suitability for the respective surgeries, and similarity to human conditions were addressed. Result: Mean probing depths in sheep mandible were 2.59 mm and 2.26 in the pig mandible, but statistical analysis showed no significant difference except when only the molar measurements were compared. Most surgical procedures could be performed in both specimens, apart from the papilla preservation flap which was difficult to perform in both specimen, and classified as not suitable in the pig. The anterior area in the pig was generally not suitable for any exercise of periodontal surgery, due to morphology inconsistent with human conditions. Instructive standardized picture sequences were created to facilitate training among undergraduates, and a practical session was held for 8th semester students to practically implement the sheep model at a teaching institution. Conclusion: The sheep model is a valid option as a teaching model for undergraduate students, compared to the widely used pig model.