In the context of the virosphere, viral particles can compete for host cells. In this scenario, some viruses block the entry of exogenous virions upon infecting a cell, a phenomenon known as superinfection inhibition. The molecular mechanisms associated with superinfection inhibition vary depending on the viral species and the host, but generally, blocking superinfection ensures the genetic supremacy ...

In a world more and more dependent on new and effective energy sources, the introduction of fusion power could prove invaluable. Magnetic confinement of plasma has proved to be difficult, and the curvature of the magnetic field lines in tokamaks give rise to charge polarization at the boundary of the fusion devices leading to cross-field transport. Experiments has shown that the dominating transport ...

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are expanding into Arctic regions, altering predator-prey dynamics and intensifying competition with native species such as the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). This study examines the activity patterns of red foxes in Varanger, Norway, at the forefront of their Arctic range expansion, focusing on the effects of environmental factors (e.g., snow depth, temperature, precipitation) ...

This thesis analyses the impact of climate change, coupled with inadequate disaster management, on the rising frequency and severity of floods in Pakistan. The thesis focuses on the causes, socioeconomic impact, and government responses to floods by examining the interaction of natural and human elements. Due to the complexity of the research question, we have applied a multidisciplinary ...

The benthos of the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) abyss is an underworld yet to be thoroughly and systematically understood. Although 50% of the Arctic is deep sea, most research has been focused on the continental shelves and the water column. This is largely because research in the CAO is challenging, especially due to the ocean being ice-covered. Yet, today, anthropogenic pressures on the CAO are ...

Massive injection of ¹³C depleted carbon to the ocean and atmosphere coincided with major environmental upheaval multiple times in the geological record. For several events, the source of carbon has been attributed to explosive venting of gas produced when magmatic sills intruded organic-rich sediment. The concept mostly derives from studies of a few ancient sedimentary basins with numerous ...

I Laila Stiens novelle «Markblomster» beretter novellens forteller historien om sin bror og hans kjærlighetsforhold til Alice, ei byjente som ender med å ta sitt eget liv ved å kjøre bilen deres på havet. Artikkelen analyserer novellen med spesielt blikk for hvordan novellens forteller anvender strategier for å ta kontroll over selvmordsnarrativet og aktivt undertrykker den dødes perspektiv. Dette ...

Warming climate impacts aquatic ectotherms by changes in individual vital rates and declines in body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule (TSR), and indirectly through altered species interactions and environmental feedbacks. The relative importance of these effects in shaping community responses to environmental change is incompletely understood. We employ a tri-trophic food ...

Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), a small pelagic fish found throughout the northwest Atlantic Ocean, experienced a northward retreat of its distribution range over the 20th century and an overall decline in biomass in recent decades, both attributed to warming waters and habitat loss. In the Lake Melville estuary (Labrador, Canada), at the northern limit of its distribution range, smelt represents ...