In dynamic aurora there are structures that shows shear-flow and rotations. These flows have a locally varying vorticity-field, which can be observed in small scale aurora. Vorticity in plasma-flows have a direct relation to field-aligned currents. An effective method to determine these flows would be a great tool in research on magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and auroral physics. With the current ...

Remaining carbon budgets (RCBs) quantify the total amount of CO2 that can still be emitted into the atmosphere while keeping the global mean surface temperature below a specific target. However, there is significant uncertainty in RCBs estimates. This thesis develops a Simple Response Model (SRM) to explore the uncertainties in RCBs. We use temperature response functions estimated from multi-box ...

The world faces one of the greatest challenges by changing the economy in a direction where higher resource productivity and lower greenhouse gas emis- sions are the main focus. The most prominent solution to reduce green house gases is a greater utilisation of renewable energy sources. With a rapid tech- nological advancement, solar energy is now one of the least expensive forms of power in two ...

Maritime surveillance is important for management of maritime traffic and to prevent activities like illegal fishing, hazardous cargo transportation, piracy, and smuggling of goods and humans. Remote sensing is frequently used for positioning vessels that are not transmitting via the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Modern optical remote sensing instruments provide high-resolutional imagery, ...

The feeding ecology of three piscivorous fish species (perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>), pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) and burbot (<i>Lota lota</i>)), was studied in the subarctic Pasvik watercourse (69 ° N), northern Norway and Russia. All three species primarily occupied the benthic habitats in the watercourse. Perch and burbot exhibited distinct ontogenetic niche shifts in food resource use, perch ...

Vaccinium myrtillus L., commonly known as European blueberry or bilberry, has been used as food and medicine since ancient times. Bilberries are highly valued in European and Asian markets. Sugar accumulation is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit, which is one of the main determinants of fruit quality. However, sugar metabolism in bilberry has not been studied before. This study was aimed to ...

Fjords are important high latitudes ecosystems, many have beside planctonic ones, a unique ecosystem associated with seasonal ice cover. During the development of the spring season conditions, two major type of primary producers contribute highly to the biomass production: sea-ice algae inhabiting brine channels and bottom surface of the ice (sympagic algae) and phytoplankton, living in the water ...

Philopatry influences the distribution of animals and can lead to the formation of kinship-based population structures when relatedness among individuals is tightly linked to their proximity. Two different polar bear ecotypes exist in the Barents Sea sub-population: “coastal” bears and “offshore” bears. Coastal bears remain year-round within the Svalbard archipelago whereas offshore bears follow the ...

Plant-soil feedbacks receive increasing attention as impactors of plant performance and drivers of plant community composition. How plant-soil feedbacks act in introduction events regarding both native and foreign species is a topic requiring more research. In this aspect, two particular theories are of interest, Home-field advantage, and Enemy-release. The former predicts that plants perform best ...

World’s population growth and rise in food consumption per capita have led to increased food demand and overexploitation of natural resources in recent decades. Such increase has threatened the global feeding schemes to maintain a balance between food supply and demand. Although “The Blue Revolution” promised to fill such gap and simultaneously alleviate the overexploitation of the oceans, deterioration ...