Temporal persistence in unforced climate variability makes detection of trends in surface temperature difficult. Part of the challenge is methodological since standard techniques assume a separation of time scales between trend and noise. In this work we present a novel Bayesian approach to trend detection under the assumption of long-range dependent natural variability, and we use estimates of ...

<i>Background</i> - Norway authorised out-patient commitment in 1961, but there is a lack of representative and complete data on the use of out-patient commitment orders.<p> <p><i>Aims</i> - To establish the incidence and prevalence rates on the use of out-patient commitment in Norway, and how these vary across service areas. Further, to study variations in out-patient commitment across ...

<i>Objective</i> - To test the hypothesis that the effect of video consultations is noninferior to traditional consultations in managing patients with overuse headache (MOH).<p> <p><i>Materials and Methods</i> - Patients were recruited from referrals to a neurological clinic. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), headache burden measured by headache impact test (HIT‐6) and frequency of ...

<i>Objective</i>: To examine the extent of substance use and explore which baseline factors predicted current problematic substance use 18 years after treatment in surviving patients. <p> <p><i>Methods</i>: This longitudinal cohort study used a mailed self-report questionnaire on a group of patients with long-term problematic substance use, and high psychiatric comorbidity, 18 years after they ...

<i>Objective</i>: The human intestinal microbiota likely play an important role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the associations between saliva microbiota and body mass index (BMI) have been sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between saliva microbiota and body size in Finnish children.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: The saliva microbiota of ...

We introduce the fully automatic design of a numerically optimized decision-tree algorithm and demonstrate its application to sea ice classification from SAR data. In the decision tree, an initial multi-class classification problem is split up into a sequence of binary problems. Each branch of the tree separates one single class from all other remaining classes, using a class-specific selected feature ...

<i>Background</i>: Paper-based routine health information systems often require repetitive data entry. In the West Bank, the primary health care system for maternal and child health was entirely paper-based, with care providers spending considerable amounts of time maintaining multiple files and client registers. As part of the phased national implementation of an electronic health information system, ...

<i>Background</i> - Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans are influenced by a large number of factors including birth year, reproductive history and diet. Accordingly, information on dietary habits and socio-demographic variables may predict plasma concentrations of POPs, thus enabling studies on health effects in large epidemiological studies, without performing time ...

<p>The gamma-amino-butyric-acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its physiological role by binding to the ionotropic GABA_A and GABA_C receptors and the metabotropic GABA_B receptor (GABA_B-R). The GABA_B-R is an obligate heterodimer that belongs to class C of guanine-binding proteins ...

Tumor heterogeneity is the major cause of failure in cancer prognosis and prediction. Accurately detecting heterogeneity for the development of biomarkers and the detection of the clones resistant to therapy is one of the main goals of contemporary medicine. Metastases belong to the natural history of cancer. The present review gives an overview on the origin of tumor heterogeneity. Recent progress ...