Multipartite bacteria have one chromosome and one or more chromid. Chromids are believed to have properties that enhance genomic flexibility, making them a favored integration site for new genes. However, the mechanism by which chromosomes and chromids jointly contribute to this flexibility is not clear. To shed light on this, we analyzed the openness of chromosomes and chromids of the two bacteria, ...

First principles theoretical modeling of out-of-equilibrium processes observed in attosecond pump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) triggering pure electron dynamics remains a challenging task, especially for heavy elements and/or core excitations containing fingerprints of scalar and spin–orbit relativistic effects. To address this, we formulate a methodology for simulating TAS within ...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are stable organic chemicals, which have been used globally since the 1940s and have caused PFAS contamination around the world. This study explores perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) enrichment and destruction by a combined method of sorption/desorption and photocatalytic reduction. A novel biosorbent (PG-PB) was developed from raw pine bark by grafting amine ...

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of remarkable phenomena, many of which owe their existence to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. To understand and predict properties of materials containing heavy elements, such as the transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), relativistic effects must be taken into account in first-principles calculations. We present an all-electron ...

Digital automated assessment is a valuable and time-efficient tool for educators to provide immediate and objective feedback to learners. Automated assessment, however, puts high demands on the quality of the questions, alignment with the intended learning outcomes, and the quality of the feedback provided to the learners. We here describe the development and use of a large number (N > 180) of ...

En god avsluttende eksamen vurderer i hvilken grad intendert læringsutbytte har blitt oppnådd på en nøye, objektiv og reproduserbar måte. Det er imidlertid lite tilfredsstillende hvis en faglærer bruker mye tid på vurdering avlæring framfor vurdering forlæring underveis i semesteret. Derfor kan det være attraktivtå utforske muligheter med en digital automatisk rettet ...

The mechanism of the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral enamides by well-defined, neutral bis(phosphine) cobalt(0) and cobalt(II) precatalysts has been explored using(R,R)-^iPrDuPhos ((R,R)-^iPrDuPhos = (+)-1,2-bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-diisopropylphospholano]benzene) as a representative chiral bis(phosphine) ligand. A series of (R,R)-(^iPrDuPhos)Co(enamide) (enamide = ...

The Gouterman four-orbital model conceptualizes porphyrin UV−visible spectra as dominated by four frontier molecular orbitals-two nearly degenerate HOMOs and two exactly degenerate LUMOS under D_4h symmetry. These are well separated from all the other molecular orbitals, and normal spectra involve transitions among these MOs. Unusual spectra occur when additional orbitals appear in ...

In the present study, electronic effects on the mechanism of the NAD+ coenzyme reduction in the presence of formate, catalysed by a non-organometallic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl amine complex, were investigated. The [RuII(terpy)(ampy)Cl]Cl (terpy ¼ 2,20 :60 ,200-terpyridine, ampy ¼ 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine) complex was employed as the catalyst. The reactions were studied in a water/ethanol mixture ...

Cyclic peptides are a promising class of compounds for next-generation antibiotics as they may provide new ways of limiting antibiotic resistance development. Although their cyclic structure will introduce some rigidity, their conformational space is large and they usually have multiple chiral centers that give rise to a wide range of possible stereoisomers. Chiroptical spectroscopies such as ...