dc.contributor.advisor | Konopásek, Jiří | |
dc.contributor.author | Höpfl, Stephan Maximilian | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-06T08:32:38Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-05-06T08:32:38Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-05-22 | |
dc.description.abstract | This thesis presents new data for the geological units of the Balsfjord Group and Nakkedal Nappe Complex that are part of the North Norwegian Caledonides. The Balsfjord Group has been shown to feature a complex structural history including four stages of progressive deformation labelled as S0–1–S4 where S2 represents the main metamorphic foliation. It also exhibits a significant rotation of the stretching lineation Ls2 from an originally NW–SE orientation to E–W and finally NE–SW during thrusting. We further document a direct contact between the Balsfjord Group and the underlying West Troms Basement Complex along which local shear zones within the latter have been dated at 429 ± 5 Ma. The Nakkedal Nappe Complex is divided into three sub-units including the uppermost Skattøra Migmatite Complex and the Middle and Lower Nakkedal Complex. Peak metamorphism of these three segments is constrained to occur at 457–452 Ma while calculated peak P–T conditions decrease from the uppermost Skattøra Migmatite Complex (750–780°C and 7–8.7 kbar), to the Middle Nakkedal Complex (650–670°C and 6–7 kbar) and the Lower Nakkedal Complex (580–620°C and 6.8–7.8 kbar). Finally, the Lower Nakkedal Complex records an episode of retrogression constrained at 530–560 °C and 7–8.2 kbar linked to thrusting of the Nakkedal Nappe Complex onto the Balsfjord Group as the latter reaches peak metamorphism at 435–427 Ma. The inverted metamorphic zonation recognised in the Balsfjord Group was quantified to show differences of 200–300°C and up to 4.5 kbar between the chlorite–biotite and staurolite-bearing zones associated with the main metamorphic fabric S2. These results were integrated with previously published data to establish a new tectonic model for the North Norwegian Caledonides featuring two suture zones. This model interprets the WTBC as a microcontinent detached from either Laurentia or Baltica surrounded by two oceanic domains. Along the northwestern suture, the Tromsø Nappe and the Nakkedal Nappe Complex reached peak metamorphism at 455–450 Ma, while along the southwestern suture the Reisa Nappe Complex attained its peak P–T conditions at 440–430 Ma. Closure of the southeastern suture from ca. 432 Ma led to the reactivation of the northwestern channel and burial of the Balsfjord Group at 435–427 Ma. It is then exhumed together with the overlying Nakkedal Nappe Complex and Tromsø Nappe at ca. 430 Ma, which denotes the final tectonic activity in this suture. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Denne avhandlingen presenterer nye data for de geologiske enhetene i Balsfjordgruppen og Nakkedaldekkekomplekset som er en del av den nordnorske Kaledonske fjellkjeden (Kaledonidene). Balsfjordgruppen har vist seg å ha en kompleks strukturell historie med fire stadier av progressiv deformasjon, S0–1–S4, der S2 representerer hovedmetamorf-foliasjonen. Den viser også en betydelig rotasjon av strekningslineasjonen Ls2 fra en opprinnelig NV–SØ-orientering til Ø–V og til slutt NØ–SV under dekkeforskyvningen. Vi dokumenterer også en direkte kontakt mellom Balsfjordgruppen og det underliggende Vest-Troms grunnfjellskompleks, der lokale skjærsoner i sistnevnte er datert til 429 ± 5 Ma. Nakkedaldekkekomplekset er delt inn i tre underenheter, inkludert det øverste, Skattøra migmatitittkompleks, og det Midtre og Nedre Nakkedalkomplekset. Den høyeste omdanningsgraden i disse tre enhetene er estimert til å ha funnet sted mellom 457–452 Ma, mens de estimerte P–T-toppene avtar fra det øverste Skattøra migmatitittkompleks (750–780 °C og 7–8.7 kbar), til det Midtre Nakkedalkomplekset (650–670 °C og 6–7 kbar) og det Nedre Nakkedalkomplekset (580–620 °C og 6.8–7.8 kbar). Til slutt gjennomgår Nedre Nakkedalkomplekset en fase med retrogresjon ved 530–560 °C og 7–8.2 kbar i forbindelse med at Nakkedaldekkekomplekset skyves på Balsfjordgruppen, samtidig sistnevnte når metamorf-toppen ved 435–427 Ma. Den inverterte metamorf-soneringen som ble påvist i Balsfjordgruppen er estimert til å vise temperaturforskjeller på 200–300 °C og trykkforskjeller opptil 4.5 kbar mellom kloritt-biotitt- og staurolittførende soner, knyttet til den hovedmetamorf-foliasjonen S2. Disse resultatene ble kombinert med tidligere publiserte data for å utvikle en ny tektonisk modell for de nordnorske Kaledonidene med to sutursoner. Denne modellen tolker Vest-Troms grunnfjellskompleks som et mikrokontinent løsrevet fra Laurentia eller Baltica, omgitt av to oseaniske domener. Langs den nordvestlige suturen nådde Tromsødekket og Nakkedaldekkekomplekset deres metamorfe topp ved 455–450 Ma, mens Reisadekkekomplekset, en del av den sørvestlige suturen, nådde sin P–T-topp ved 440–430 Ma. Lukkingen av den sørøstlige suturen fra ca. 432 Ma førte til reaktivering av den nordvestlige suturen og begravelse av Balsfjordgruppen ved 435–427 Ma. Den ble deretter ekshumert sammen med det overliggende Nakkedaldekkekomplekset og Tromsødekket ved ca. 430 Ma, som markerer den siste tektoniske aktiviteten i denne suturen. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | The Caledonian Orogeny is an ancient mountain-building event that took place during the Ordovician–Devonian (ca. 480–390 million years ago) and is expressed today as the mountain chain observed along the western flank of the Scandinavian peninsula in Norway and Sweden. This project focuses on the geological units of the Balsfjord Group and the Nakkedal Nappe Complex of the North Norwegian Caledonides nearby Tromsø.
Using different structural, metamorphic, geochemical and geochronological methods, we were able to better understand the geological history of these two units in terms of how they deformed, which depth and temperatures they reached and when exactly these processes took place. Our results allow for a new interpretation of the regional geology that features two different subduction zones that were situated on either side of a microcontinent represented by the West Troms Basement Complex. | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-8236-623-6 (electronic/pdf version) | |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-8236-622-9 (printed version) | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/37000 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Höpfl, S.M., Konopásek, J. & Sláma, J. (2024). Influence of a rigid backstop on the flow pattern during thrusting of the supracrustal Balsfjord Series of the North Norwegian Caledonides. <i>Journal of Structural Geology, 182</i>, 105102. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/33321>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/33321</a>.
<p>Paper II: Höpfl, S.M., Percival, J.J., Konopásek, J., Čopjaková, R. & Sláma, J. Linking monazite growth with polymetamorphic record in the Nakkedal Nappe Complex (North Norwegian Caledonides). (Submitted manuscript).
<p>Paper III: Höpfl, S.M., Konopásek, J. & Sláma, J. Characterisation of metamorphism in the Balsfjord Group and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the North Norwegian Caledonides through the framework of a two-suture model. (Manuscript). | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | Phase equilibria modelling | en_US |
dc.subject | Monazite petrochronology | en_US |
dc.subject | Tectonics | en_US |
dc.subject | Nappe thrusting | en_US |
dc.subject | North Norwegian Caledonides | en_US |
dc.title | Tectonic evolution of the North Norwegian Caledonides in the North Troms region. A structural, metamorphic, geochemical and geochronological analysis of the Balsfjord Group and Nakkedal Nappe Complex as parts of the north Norwegian nappe assembly | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |