dc.contributor.advisor | Svensen, Camilla | |
dc.contributor.author | Flo, Snorre | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-13T09:35:47Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-05-13T09:35:47Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-05-26 | |
dc.description.abstract | Small invertebrates (≤ 2 mm) are key members of the Arctic marine ecosystem, yet their trophic interactions have rarely been researched due to methodological challenges. In this thesis, a novel brute force approach to prey metabarcoding was developed and applied to characterize the trophic interactions of small pelagic copepods and benthic nematodes over four seasons in the Barents Sea and Nansen Basin. The key findings of the thesis were: 1) the brute force approach provided plentiful of ecologically meaningful data, and offered a simple and less biased method of studying the prey of small, but important invertebrates; 2) small pelagic copepods and benthic nematodes consumed a broad variety of eukaryotes, and dietary compositions varied primarily along seasonal factors, rather than the specific feeding strategy or morphology of the consumers, respectively; and 3) significant portions of the diets were likely obtained from sinking particulate materials, including chaetognath fecal pellets, discarded larvacean houses, diatoms and metazoan bodies. Nematode diets indicate that these particles have become colonized and reworked by marine fungi on their transit towards the sea-floor, suggesting that marine fungi play important roles as prey and by modifying vertical export in the Arctic. To conclude, in this thesis we have applied a novel molecular method to illuminate and expand on the trophic roles of the small but important invertebrates of the marine Arctic. We have identified several novel interactions and highlighted hypotheses that require further testing. There are thousands of invertebrates in the Arctic and beyond, whose interactions remain unknown, and a brute force methodology may facilitate such ambitious but important work. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Små virvelløse dyr (≤ 2 mm) er viktige medlemmer av Arktiske marine økosystemer, men vet vi fortsatt veldig lite om deres næringsinteraksjoner - mye på grunn av metodiske utfordringer. I denne avhandlingen, utviklet vi en "brute force" tilnærming til DNA strekkoding av næringsinteraksjoner, og brukte den til å karakterisere dietten til små pelagiske hoppekreps og bentiske rundormer i løpet av fire årstider i Barentsshavet og Nansen-bassenget. De viktigste funnene var at: 1) en "brute force" tilnærming ga rikelig med data på næringsinteraksjoner, og gjør studier av små virvelløse dyrs dietter enklere, billigere og mindre utsatt for bias; 2) små pelagiske hoppekreps og bentiske rundormer fikk maten sin fra et bredt spekter av eukaryote organismer, hvorav sammensetninga av arter ble bestemt primært av årstids-betingede miljøparametere, heller enn særegenheter i jaktstrategi eller morfologi, respektivt; og 3) større deler av diettene ble utgjort av anslagsvis partikulært materiale, inkludert pilorm-fekalier, forlatte hus fra halesekkdyr, kiselalger og øvrige synkende dyr. I tillegg var marin sopp en viktig komponent, spesielt hos rundormene, som peker mot viktigheten av kolonisering og omarbeiding av partikler for modulering av vertikal transport i Arktis. Denne avhandlingen har tatt i bruk en ny molekylær metode for å beskrive næringsinteraksjonene til små men viktige virvelløse dyr i det marine Arktis. Vi har observert flere interaksjoner som er nye for vitenskapen, og lagt frem hypoteser som kan følges opp i fremtidig forskning. Det finnes stadig tusenvis av virvelløse dyr i det marine Arktis og i andre havområder, hvis næringsinteraksjoner er uvisse, og en "brute force" metodikk kan bidra til å fasilitere slike ambisiøse men viktige studier. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | This thesis is about the development of a novel molecular approach for describing the trophic species interactions, and using said method – we performed two studies to better understand the interactions of small marine copepods and nematodes in the Arctic. The method, dubbed “brute force” DNA metabarcoding, performed well, with output data succeeding that of contemporary alternatives. Our results on food interactions indicate that both small copepods and nematodes find food from a broad variety of eukaryote sources including microbes, marine fungi, and animals. Although the copepods employed distinct feeding strategies, and nematodes were separated by morphological feeding traits, we observed that prey compositions were better explained by seasonal factors. This suggest that small Arctic invertebrates have developed trophic plasticity, which may be an important adaptation to the extreme seasonality of the marine Arctic. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Norges Forskningsråd (Arven etter Nansen: #276730), UiT (KD) og UNIS (KD) | en_US |
dc.identifier.isbn | 978-82-8266-281-9 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/37054 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | Paper I: Flo, S., Vader, A. & Præbel, K. (2024). Brute force prey metabarcoding to explore the diets of small invertebrates. <i>Ecology and Evolution, 14</i>(5), e11369. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34678>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34678</a>. | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | Paper II: Flo, S., Svensen, C., Præbel, K., Bluhm, B.A. & Vader, A. (2024). Dietary plasticity in small Arctic copepods as revealed with prey metabarcoding. <i>Journal of Plankton Research, 46</i>(5), 514. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35422>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35422</a>. | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | Paper III: Flo, S., Bluhm, B.A., Svensen, C., Præbel, K. & Vader, A. Eukaryote food acquisition in Arctic marine nematodes across seasons and shelf-to-basin gradients. (Manuscript). Updated version available on ResearchSquare at <a href=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6252716/v1>https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6252716/v1</a>. | en_US |
dc.relation.isbasedon | Flo, S., The University Centre in Svalbard (2023). Brute force metabarcoding of small Arctic copepods (pilot). NIRD Research Data Archive, Norstore, <a href=https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00066>https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00066</a>. | en_US |
dc.relation.isbasedon | Flo, S., The University Centre in Svalbard (2023). Brute force metabarcoding of small Arctic copepods. NIRD Research Data Archive, Norstore, <a href=https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00065>https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00065</a>. | en_US |
dc.relation.isbasedon | Flo, S., The University Centre in Svalbard (2024). 18S metabarcoding of Arctic meiobenthic nematodes. NIRD Research Data Archive, Norstore, <a href=https://doi.org/10.11582/2024.00105>https://doi.org/10.11582/2024.00105</a>. | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | Metabarcoding | en_US |
dc.subject | Invertebrates | en_US |
dc.subject | Ecology | en_US |
dc.subject | Interactions | en_US |
dc.subject | Arctic | en_US |
dc.title | On the appetites of small copepods and nematodes in the Arctic Barents Sea and Nansen Basin: In situ trophic interactions revealed by brute force prey metabarcoding | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |