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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Can private provision of primary care contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance? A study of antibiotic prescription in Sweden
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-23)<p><i>Background - </i>Growing rates of antibiotic resistance, caused by increasing antibiotic use, pose a threat by making antibiotics less effective in treating infections. <p><i>Objective - </i>We aimed to study whether physicians working at privately and publicly owned health centres differed in the likelihood of prescribing antibiotics and choosing broad-spectrum over narrow-spectrum ... -
Diversity, abundance, and life histories of littoral chydorids (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in a subarctic European lake
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-22)Littoral chydorids were sampled with a bottom sledge in Takvatn, a 15 km2 north Norwegian oligotrophic lake with poor vegetation. Three out of eight recorded species of chydorids were common, with abundance minima in late summer and maxima in autumn. Eurycercus lamellatus (O.F. Müller, 1776) and Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1835) were monocyclic, whereas Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776) was ... -
First report of freshwater atyid shrimp, Caridina formosae (Decapoda: Caridea) as a host of ectosymbiotic branchiobdellidan, Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida, Citellata)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-20)In recent years, ornamental shrimps gained increasing popularity in the aquarium trade. Unfortunately, they are potential vectors of epibionts, which may be unintentionally introduced to aquaria with imported shrimps. This contribution presents the first report of the occurrence of Holtodrilus truncatus on aquarium freshwater shrimp Caridina formosae. A total of 120 shrimp imported from Taiwan as ... -
Economic performance and capacity utilisation in vietnamese purse seine fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020)This study identifies differences in vessel efficiency amongst purse seiners in Vietnamese fishery. Deterministic data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to assess relative capacity utilisation of each vessel, and double bootstrap DEA was adopted to overcome some of the drawbacks of nonparametric DEA. The study was based on a survey of costs and earnings from 52 purse seiners in 2016, revealing ... -
Screening for Cellulolytic Plant Enzymes Using Colorimetric and Fluorescence Methods
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)Cellulolytic activity can be measured using a variety of methods, the choice of which depends on the raw material and goals. An inexpensive, rapid, and reliable method, suitable for plants and other sources alike, is based on digestion of the easily degradable soluble cellulose derivative carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Direct detection of CMC digestion by cellulolytic activity is based on the “negative ... -
An overview of the uses of per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-30)Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern because of their high persistence (or that of their degradation products) and their impacts on human and environmental health that are known or can be deduced from some well-studied PFAS. Currently, many different PFAS (on the order of several thousands) are used in a wide range of applications, and there is no comprehensive source of information ... -
The high persistence of PFAS is sufficient for their management as a chemical class
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-29)Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic organic substances with diverse structures, properties, uses, bioaccumulation potentials and toxicities. Despite this high diversity, all PFAS are alike in that they contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation. The vast majority of PFAS are therefore either non-degradable ... -
Harp seal body condition and trophic interactions with prey in Norwegian high Arctic waters in early autumn
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-28)In September 2016, a marine ecosystem survey covered all trophic levels from phytoplankton to seals in the Arctic Ocean to the west and north of Svalbard. At the ice edge, 26 harp seals were sampled to assess whether recent environmental changes had affected their diets and body condition by comparing our current results with previous investigations conducted 2–3 decades ago in the northern Barents ... -
Shedding of Brucella melitensis happens through milk macrophages in the murine model of infection
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-10)Although shedding of zoonotic brucellae in milk has been demonstrated in natural hosts, these data are still missing for the standard murine infection model. We therefore analysed shedding kinetics and the niche of <i>B. melitensis</i> in murine milk. Pregnant Balb/cByJ mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10<sup>5</sup> CFU of the 16 M reference strain, a 16 M mCherry mutant or a human isolate. ... -
Diversified regulation of circadian clock gene expression following whole genome duplication
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-08)Across taxa, circadian control of physiology and behavior arises from cell-autonomous oscillations in gene expression, governed by a networks of so-called ‘clock genes’, collectively forming transcription-translation feedback loops. In modern vertebrates, these networks contain multiple copies of clock gene family members, which arose through whole genome duplication (WGD) events during evolutionary ... -
Temperature-dependent lipid accumulation in the polar marine microalga Chlamydomonas malina RCC2488
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-23)The exploration of cold-adapted microalgae offers a wide range of biotechnological applications that can be used for human, animal, and environmental benefits in colder climates. Previously, when the polar marine microalga <i>Chlamydomonas malina</i> RCC2488 was cultivated under both nitrogen replete and depleted conditions at 8°C, it accumulated lipids and carbohydrates (up to 32 and 49%, respectively), ... -
Arctic continental slopes sharp gradients of physical processes affect pelagic and benthic ecosystems.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-20)Continental slopes – steep regions between the shelf break and abyssal ocean – play key roles in the climatology and ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Here, through review and synthesis, we find that the narrow slope regions contribute to ecosystem functioning disproportionately to the size of the habitat area (∼6% of total Arctic Ocean area). Driven by inflows of sub-Arctic waters and steered by topography, ... -
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters and biota into the polar basins, a process which we refer to as borealization. Using a 37-year archive of observations (1981–2017) we demonstrate dramatically contrasting regional responses to atlantification (that part ... -
Sympagic fauna in and under Arctic pack ice in the annual sea ice system of the new Arctic Frontiers in Marine Science
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-19)A strong decline and thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover over the past five decades has been documented. The former multiyear sea-ice system has largely changed to an annual system and with it the dynamics of sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. Less sea ice is reaching the Fram Strait and more ice and ice-transported material is released in the northern Laptev Sea and the central Arctic ... -
Online Tourism Information and Tourist Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Based on a Self-Administered Survey
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-21)This study presents the interacting phenomena of perceptions of tourist destination online content (TDOC) and tourists’ behavioral intentions with a mediating role of tourists’ satisfaction, which is as yet under-explored in hospitality and tourism research. A model based on three main constructs, namely TDOC (with sub-constructs of online information quality and user-friendly accessibility), ... -
More Than Expected From Old Sponge Samples: A Natural Sampler DNA Metabarcoding Assessment of Marine Fish Diversity in Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)Sponges have recently been proposed as ideal candidates to act as natural samplers for environmental DNA due to their efficiency in filtering water. However, validation of the usefulness of DNA recovered from sponges to reveal vertebrate biodiversity patterns in Marine Protected Areas is still needed. Additionally, nothing is known about how different sponge species and morphologies influence the ... -
Value co-creation in sustainable tourism: A service-dominant logic approach
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-12)To mainstream sustainability, we need to understand the value gained from sustainability by users. We apply a user-centred design methodology to develop an agile, iterative, incremental and reflexive process to understand the sustainability value proposition for Lufthansa City Center travel agents. We analyse the failure of sustainability communications within the online platforms used by these ... -
The Story behind COVID-19: Animal Diseases at the Crossroads of Wildlife, Livestock and Human Health
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-27)A number of virological, epidemiological and ethnographic arguments suggest that COVID-19 has a zoonotic origin. The pangolin, a species threatened with extinction due to poaching for both culinary purposes and traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia, is now suspected of being the “missing link” in the transmission to humans of a virus that probably originated in a species of bat. Our predation of wild ... -
Simultaneous Oxidation of Atmospheric Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen for Bacterial Growth
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-12)The second largest sink for atmospheric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is atmospheric methane oxidizing-bacteria (atmMOB). How atmMOB are able to sustain life on the low CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in air is unknown. Here, we show that during growth, with air as its only source for energy and carbon, the recently isolated atmospheric methane-oxidizer <i>Methylocapsa gorgona</i> MG08 (USCα) oxidizes three ... -
Protist taxonomic and functional diversity in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-19)Protists dominate eukaryotic diversity and play key functional roles in all ecosystems, particularly by catalyzing carbon and nutrient cycling. To date, however, a comparative analysis of their taxonomic and functional diversity that compares the major ecosystems on Earth (soil, freshwater and marine systems) is missing. Here, we present a comparison of protist diversity based on standardized high ...
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