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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Improved Environmental Status: 50 Years of Declining Fish Mercury Levels in Boreal and Subarctic Fennoscandia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-14)Temporally (1965–2015) and spatially (55°–70°N) extensive records of total mercury (Hg) in freshwater fish showed consistent declines in boreal and subarctic Fennoscandia. The database contains 54 560 fish entries (n: pike > perch ≫ brown trout > roach ≈ Arctic charr) from 3132 lakes across Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Russian Murmansk area. 74% of the lakes did not meet the 0.5 ppm limit to protect ... -
Transcriptomic analysis reveals dose-dependent modes of action of benzo(a)pyrene in polar cod (Boreogadus saida)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-21)Polar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) has been used as a model Arctic species for hazard assessment of environmental stressors such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, most of the PAH studies using polar cod rely on targeted biomarker-based analysis thus may not adequately address the complexity of the toxic mechanisms of the stressors. The present study was performed to develop a ... -
Infectious Disease Outbreak Associated with Supplementary Feeding of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-18)Supplementary winter feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) has become more common in Sweden and Norway due to reindeer pasture fragmentation and climatic conditions. With increased corralling and feeding, often associated with animal stress, increased animal-to-animal contact, and poor hygienic conditions, an altered range of health challenges and diseases may ... -
Governance in the High North: Rhetoric vs reality in the Barents region
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)This special issue of Barents Studies attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the role of local governance in strategic development of the High North, with examples from the Barents Region. The High North regions have gained increased attention for their natural resources (including fish, oil, gas, minerals, tourist destinations, new transport solutions, and digital infrastructure), for ... -
Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-29)Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and decline worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations ... -
A rapid preparation procedure for laser microdissection‑mediated harvest of plant tissues for gene expression analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-02)<p><i>Background - </i>Gene expression changes that govern essential biological processes can occur at the cell-specific level. To gain insight into such events, laser microdissection is applied to cut out specific cells or tissues from which RNA for gene expression analysis is isolated. However, the preparation of plant tissue sections for laser microdissection and subsequent RNA isolation usually ... -
Incomplete degradation of lichen usnic acid and atranorin in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-22)Previous studies of Eurasian tundra reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) in Norway indicate that their rumen microbiota play a key role in degrading lichen secondary metabolites. We investigated the presence of usnic acid and atranorin in faecal samples from Svalbard reindeer (<i>R. tarandus platyrhynchus</i>). Samples were collected in Bolterdalen valley together with vegetation samples ... -
Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-05)As environmental DNA (eDNA) becomes an increasingly valuable resource for marine ecosystem monitoring, understanding variation in its persistence across contrasting environments is critical. Here, we quantify the breakdown of macrobial eDNA over a spatio-temporal axis of locally extreme conditions, varying from ocean-influenced offshore to urban-inshore, and between winter and summer. We report that ... -
EU-OPENSCREEN: A novel collaborative approach to facilitate chemical biology
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-07)Compound screening in biological assays and subsequent optimization of hits is indispensable for the development of new molecular research tools and drug candidates. To facilitate such discoveries, the European Research Infrastructure EU-OPENSCREEN was founded recently with the support of its member countries and the European Commission. Its distributed character harnesses complementary knowledge, ... -
Consuming food in pre-industrial Korean travel: approaching from Veblen´s conspicuous consumption
(Peer reviewed; Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2019-02-02)The chapter considered Thorstein Veblen’s description of conspicuous consumption in the context of consuming food while travelling. Travelogues from pre-industrial Korean society were used for the data in the chapter, employing critical discourse analysis. The identified meanings were subsequently reflected on Veblen’s conspicuous consumption. Two embedded notions of instrumental and intrinsic values ... -
Seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the infection of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a subarctic lake.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-14)The vast majority of studies in northern lake systems have been carried out on a short-term scale, principally during spring and summer and mostly focusing on a single parasite species. There are few winter studies of fish parasites in the subarctic area, and even less regarding seasonal variations in the sub-communities of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout ... -
Seasonal dynamics of the marine CO2 system in Adventfjorden, a West Spitsbergen fjord
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-11)Time series of the marine CO<sub>2</sub> system and related parameters at the IsA Station, by Adventfjorden, Svalbard, were investigated between March 2015 and November 2017. The physical and biogeochemical processes that govern changes in total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the saturation state of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite (Ω<sub>Ar</sub>) were assessed ... -
Advancing research for the management of long-lived species: A case study on the Greenland Shark
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-02)Long-lived species share life history traits such as slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity, which lead to slow recovery rates and increase a population’s vulnerability to disturbance. The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) has recently been recognized as the world’s longest-lived vertebrate, but many questions regarding its biology, physiology, and ecology remain unanswered. Here we ... -
Ranking of substances for monitoring in foods, drinks and dietary supplements - based on risk and knowledge gaps
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2019)The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) to provide an overview of substances in foods, drinks and dietary supplements that may constitute a potential health risk for humans, based on the VKM members’ expert judgements. VKM was further requested to perform a ranking of these substances. Additionally, VKM should ... -
Drones as a tool to monitor human impacts and vegetation changes in parks and protected areas
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-04)Increased visitation to protected areas could have adverse impacts on the conservation values in the protected areas, and therefore effective visitor monitoring methods are needed to meet the complex management challenges that arise. Collecting data on human impacts is highly time consuming, thus requiring more effective tools that allow for high-quality and long-term measurements. In this study, ... -
Effect of three different codend designs on the size selectivity of juvenile cod in the Barents Sea shrimp trawl fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-31)Shrimp trawlers often use a Nordmøre sorting grid ahead of a small mesh codend to avoid bycatch of juvenile fish while allowing shrimps to be efficiently caught. However, small fish can pass through the grid to enter the codend and risk being retained. The risk of retention for fish of different sizes depends the size selection in the Nordmøre grid and the size selection in the subsequent codend, ... -
Fungal Planet description sheets: 868–950
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07)Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: <b>Australia</b>, <i>Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta</i> and <i>Coniella pseudodiospyri</i> on <i>Eucalyptus microcorys</i> leaves, <i>Cladophialophora eucalypti</i>, <i>Teratosphaeria dunnii</i> and <i>Vermiculariopsiella dunnii</i> on <i>Eucalyptus dunnii</i> leaves, <i>Cylindrium grande</i> and <i>Hypsotheca ... -
Reconciling ecological and engineering design principles for building microbiomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-28)Simplified microbial communities, or “benchtop microbiomes,” enable us to manage the profound complexity of microbial ecosystems. Widespread activities aiming to design and control communities result in novel resources for testing ecological theories and also for realizing new biotechnologies. There is much to be gained by reconciling engineering design principles with ecological processes that shape ... -
Securing a just space for small-scale fisheries in the blue economy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-18)The vast developmental opportunities offered by the world’s coasts and oceans have attracted the attention of governments, private enterprises, philanthropic organizations, and international conservation organizations. High-profile dialogue and policy decisions on the future of the ocean are informed largely by economic and ecological research. Key insights from the social sciences raise concerns ... -
Drones and marine mammals in Svalbard
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-07-15)The impact of Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS, or drones) on marine mammals remains poorly documented despite their increasing use by hobbyists and scientists. In the High-Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard, where marine mammals are facing increasing pressure from the coupled effects of climate modification and an expanding tourism industry, the use of RPAS remains largely unregulated to date. In ...
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