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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Facilitation mediates species presence beyond their environmental optimum
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-01)Species distributions are driven by abiotic conditions that filter species with specific traits and physiological tolerances and match them with their suitable environment. Plant–plant interactions can constrict (through competition) or loosen (through facilitation) the strength of these environmental filters, which in turn inhibit or enhance establishment and recruitment of plant species at a finer ... -
Behavior and thermal environment of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the North Pacific Ocean, elucidated from pop-up satellite archival tags
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-22)Chinook salmon are widely distributed in offshore waters of the North Pacific Ocean, and of great economical and subsistence importance; however, little is known about their oceanic ecology. To address this, we tagged 43 Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> (57–100 cm) with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) in the eastern (October– December) and central Bering Sea (August) to provide ... -
East is East and West is West: Population genomics and hierarchical analyses reveal genetic structure and adaptation footprints in the keystone species Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-14)<i>Aim</i> - The Atlanto‐Mediterranean edible purple sea urchin, <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>, is a commercially exploited keystone species in benthic communities. Its browsing activity can deeply modify the littoral landscape, and changes in its abundance are of major conservation concern. This species is facing nowadays contrasting anthropogenic pressures linked to predator release, exploitation ... -
Bridging different perspectives for biocultural conservation: art-based participatory research on native maize conservation in two indigenous farming communities in Oaxaca, Mexico
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-21)Native maize conservation rests on the custody of traditional and indigenous small-scale farmers, but their traditional practices and way of life are challenged by multiple forces associated with globalization, international trade and neoliberal agricultural policies. Through participatory art-based research with two indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, we identified the main challenges and ... -
Contrasting changes in space use induced by climate change in two Arctic marine mammal species
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-06)Global warming is inducing major environmental changes in the Arctic. These changes will differentially affect species owing to differences in climate sensitivity and behavioural plasticity. Arctic endemic marine mammals are expected to be impacted significantly by ongoing changes in their key habitats owing to their long life cycles and dependence on ice. Herein, unique biotelemetry datasets for ... -
Marine trophic niche-use and life history diversity among Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in southwestern Greenland
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-22)Life history strategies and potential marine niche use of Arctic charr <i>Salvelinus alpinus</i> (<i>n</i> = 237, 84–652 mm, total body length, <i>L<sub>T</sub></i>) were determined during the ice‐free season (2012) at three different watercourses in south‐western Greenland. All Arctic charr were collected from freshwater habitats. Based on stable isotopes of δ<sup>34</sup>S, the Arctic charr were ... -
Introduction of Mysis relicta (Mysida) reduces niche segregation between deep-water Arctic charr morphs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-26)Niche diversification of polymorphic Arctic charr can be altered by multiple anthropogenic stressors. The opossum-shrimp (<i>Mysis relicta</i>) was introduced to compensate for reduced food resources for fish following hydropower operations in Lake Limingen, central Norway. Based on habitat use, stomach contents, stable isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N) and trophically transmitted parasites, ... -
Adding an Ethical and Spiritual Dimension to Sustainable Business Models
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-06)This conceptual paper argues for the explicit inclusion of the inherent ethical and spiritual dimensions of sustainability in approaches to business models. The main characteristics of literature on sustainable business models are reviewed. Based on some of the main tenets of ecofeminism and Buddhism, it is observed that some important aspects of sustainability’s ethical and spiritual dimensions in ... -
Contrasting patterns in trophic niche evolution of polymorphic Arctic charr populations in two subarctic Norwegian lakes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-15)Parallelism in trophic niches of polymorphic populations of Arctic charr was investigated in two similar subarctic lakes, Tårnvatn and Skøvatn, in northern Norway. Analysis of eleven microsatellite loci confirmed, respectively, the existence of three and two genetically differentiated morphs. Three methods were used to describe their trophic niches: habitat choice and stomach contents for the recent ... -
Exploring trophic niches and parasite communities of sympatric Arctic charr and brown trout populations of southern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-09)Catchment-scale variation between lake habitats has the potential to simultaneously influence the trophic niche and parasite community of fish hosts. In this study, we investigated the trophic niche and parasite community of sympatric Arctic charr and brown trout populations from two inter-connected southern Norwegian lakes at different altitudes. Arctic charr and brown trout occupied profundal and ... -
From clear lakes to murky waters – tracing the functional response of high-latitude lake communities to concurrent ‘greening’ and ‘browning’
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-21)Climate change and the intensification of land use practices are causing widespread eutrophication of subarctic lakes. The implications of this rapid change for lake ecosystem function remain poorly understood. To assess how freshwater communities respond to such profound changes in their habitat and resource availability, we conducted a space‐for‐time analysis of food‐web structure in 30 lakes ... -
Simulating more realistic predation threat using attack playbacks
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-19)Use of virtual proxies of live animals are rapidly gaining ground in studies of animal behaviour. Such proxies help to reduce the number of live experimental animals needed to stimulate the behaviour of experimental individuals and to increase standardisation. However, using too simplistic proxies may fail to induce a desired effect and/or lead to quick habituation. For instance, in a predation ... -
Participatory planning and decision support for ecosystem based fisheries management of the west coast of Scotland
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-14)Mixed fisheries and the marine ecosystems that sustain them are complex entities and involve multiple and potentially conflicting management objectives and stakeholder interests. The presence of multiple trade-offs complicates the identification of strategies that satisfy various policy requirements while being acceptable to affected stakeholder groups. This creates a demand for tools and processes ... -
Steps to unlocking ecosystem based fisheries management: Towards displaying the N dimensional potato
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-28)Any ecosystem based fisheries management system is necessarily faced with the problem of multiple objectives that trade-off against one another. Typically, objectives such as the maximization of yield, employment or profit or minimizing environmental impacts will be optimized in different parts of the decision space, which is formed of the fishing mortality rates that can be applied to the various ... -
Phthalate metabolites in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Norwegian coastal waters
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-03)The exposure of marine mammals to phthalates has received considerable attention due to the ubiquitous occurrence of these pollutants in the marine environment and their potential adverse health effects. The occurrence of phthalate metabolites is well established in human populations, but data is scarce for marine mammals. In this study, concentrations of 17 phthalate metabolites were determined in ... -
Prediction of Neighbor-dependent Microbial Interactions from Limited Population Data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-21)Modulation of interspecies interactions by the presence of neighbor species is a key ecological factor that governs dynamics and function of microbial communities, yet the development of theoretical frameworks explicit for understanding context-dependent interactions are still nascent. In a recent study, we proposed a novel rule-based inference method termed the Minimal Interspecies Interaction ... -
Impacts of the MHC class I-like XNC10 and innate-like T cells on tumor tolerance and rejection in the amphibian Xenopus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-01)The conditions that lead to antitumor or protumor functions of natural killer T (NKT) cells against mammalian tumors are only partially understood. Therefore, insights into the evolutionary conservation of NKT and their analogs—innate-like T (iT) cells—may reveal factors that contribute to tumor eradication. As such, we investigated the amphibian <i>Xenopus laevis</i> iT cells and interacting MHC ... -
Pelagic occurrences of the ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis throughout the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-10)<i>Apherusa glacialis</i> is a common, sea ice-associated amphipod found throughout the Arctic Ocean and has long been considered permanently associated with the sea ice habitat. However, pelagic occurrences of <i>A. glacialis</i> have also been reported. It was recently suggested that <i>A. glacialis</i> overwinters at depth within the Atlantic-water inflow near Svalbard, to avoid being exported ... -
Dietary variation in Icelandic arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) over a period of 30 years assessed through stable isotopes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Preprint; Manuskript, 2019-12-21)Identifying resources driving long-term trends in predators is important to understand ecosystem changes and to manage populations in the context of conservation or control. The arctic fox population in Iceland has increased steadily over a period of 30 years, an increase that has been attributed to an overall increase in food abundance. We hypothesized that increasing populations of geese or seabirds ... -
Unique genetic features of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infecting red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in northern Norway and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-02)Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the aetiological agent of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) in domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>). In spite of the widespread use of vaccination, CAdV-1 continues to circulate in the dog population. Although a high number of serological screenings have indicated that CAdV-1 is widespread in fox species, little is known about the potential role of foxes as ...
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