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The importance of ecological networks in multiple-stressor research and management
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-07)Multiple stressors are increasingly affecting organisms and communities, thereby modifying ecosystems' state and functioning. Raising awareness about the threat from multiple stressors has increased the number of experimental and observational studies specifically addressing consequences of stressor interactions on biota. Most studies measure the direct effects of multiple stressors and their ... -
Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-22)Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed ... -
Comparison of eyfluke (Diplostomum spp.) infections of polymorphic whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) populations in two sub-Arctic Norwegian lakes
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-08-15)Abstract Parasites might be small, but they are very important elements in the ecosystems. Parasites may have a strong negative influence on their host, and some species might even manipulate their hosts. Parasites commonly have complex life cycles and may use multiple different hosts. This study has been conducted in two sub-arctic lakes in Northern Norway with polymorphic whitefish populations. ... -
Towards successful digital transformation through co-creation: a longitudinal study of a four-year implementation of digital monitoring technology in residential care for persons with dementia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-10)<i>Background</i>: Implementation of digital monitoring technology systems is considered beneficial for increasing the safety and quality of care for residents in nursing homes and simultaneously improving care providers’ workflow. Co-creation is a suitable approach for developing and implementing digital technologies and transforming the service accordingly. This study aimed to identify the ... -
Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-03)We present the results of an inventory and status assessment of alien species in Norway. The inventory covered all known multicellular neobiota, 2496 in total, 1039 of which were classified as naturalised. The latter constitute c. 3% of all species known to be stably reproducing in Norway. These figures are higher than expected from Norway’s latitude, which may be due a combination of ... -
Decomposition in differing snow regimes in high Arctic Svalbard
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-29)Rapidly rising temperatures are having great effects on the high arctic ecosystem, historically characterized by long, cold winter periods, and cold dry summers. Due to the length of the winter season, arctic soils have been an important carbon sink, but may now be facing increased microbial activity due to increasing temperatures. Temperature, moisture, and litter quality play important roles in ... -
Cardiotoxic Effects from the Water-Soluble Fraction of Crude Oil on an Arctic Keystone Species – Polar Cod (Boreogadus saida)
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-23)Abstract The Arctic ecosystems and its species are under increased anthropogenic pressure from both climate change and industrial activities. Of special interest is pollution from petrogenic substances, and in particular accidental oil spills, that pose a risk to arctic marine organisms. An oil spill in the Arctic may see crude oil encapsulated into the sea ice and over time leaching to surface ... -
Development of diving capacity and behaviour in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) weanlings from the Greenland Sea Stock
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)This study represents one of the first studies that has explored the spatial and temporal differences in diving behaviour of weaned harp seal pups (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Greenland Sea stock. The study is also the first to map the weaned harp seal pups from the Greenland Sea population. In April 2017, newly weaned harp seal pups (n=26) from the Greenland Sea stock were tagged with satellite ... -
In Silico Screening for inhibitors against Apicoplast Phosphate Translocator from Toxoplama gondii
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-16)Apicomplexa parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum, contain a secondary endosymbiosis-derived plastid like organ, called apicoplast, which is an anabolic hub. This apicoplast is fueled by phosphate translocator (APT), which transport phosphorylated sugar molecules in exchange of inorganic phosphate. Disruption of APT in T. gondii was found to be lethal for parasite. Beside ... -
Differences in chick feeding frequency between parental sex and morph combination in the Common guillemot Uria aalge
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)The Common guillemot (Uria aalge) is a monomorphic seabird who exhibits two colour morphs: a bridled and an unbridled. The aim of this study was to investigate which effect parental sex and morph had on the daily chick feeding frequency and during the chick-rearing period. To assess this, two fixed time-lapse cameras were used to document the chick feeding frequency for 27 Common guillemot families ... -
Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) diet on the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)The diet of 99 coastal-feeding ringed seals (Pusa hispida), collected in western Spitsbergen, Svalbard (Norway), was analysed via identification of hard-parts in the contents of their gastrointestinal tracts (GITs). The study animals where shot either in spring (n = 30; April-July) or autumn (n = 69; August-October) during four consecutive years (2014-2017). Thirty different prey types were identified ... -
Brain capillarization in diving mammals: a selection of staining and quantification methods
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Diving species can cope with acute and repeated hypoxia through adaptations that are absent in non-diving animals. One of the greatest challenges to deal with during diving is the lowering of the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), which causes a decrease in the driving force for the oxygen diffusion from the capillaries to the cells. My hypothesis is that the marine mammalian brain shows improved brain ... -
Riverine and glacier influence on infaunal benthic communities in Isfjorden, Svalbard.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Fjords are the interface between land and ocean, and processes happening on land have implication for the coastal areas. In addition, differences in fjord characteristics, such as morphology, sedimentation and water circulation, can drive differences in fjord ecology, including benthic community composition (Syvitsky et al. 1986). Soft-bottom macro-fauna was collected in August 2018 using a Van-Veen ... -
Seasonality in mercury bioaccumulation in particulate organic matter and zooplankton in a river-influenced Arctic fjord (Adventfjord, Svalbard).
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Methylmercury (MeHg) is of concern because it has the capacity to readily bioaccumulate and biomagnify along trophic levels until humans, exhibiting toxic effects such as neurotoxicity. Increased permafrost melt (that stores large amounts of carbon and mercury (Hg)) and river inputs, are expected to increase the exposure to Hg through uptake and transfer of contaminants through the food web. The ... -
Activity of XTHs during host plant infection by the parasitic plant Cuscuta.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Parasitic plants including Cuscuta develop specialized structures called haustoria during infection. These specialized organs give the parasite the capacity of host attachment, invasion, vasculature connection and material transfer between the host and the parasite. Successful invasion allows organic substances, nutrients and water to flow into the parasite through the host phloem and xylem cells. ... -
Time dependent temperature effects on methane production in Arctic peat soils
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-16)Peatlands constitute the largest natural reservoir of carbon on the planet making them key components in the global carbon balance. Peatlands are mostly found in the northern hemisphere under cold conditions. As the world is warming and arctic peatlands are becoming heavily influenced by increasing temperatures, an increased interest in the peat soil microbial systems have arisen. Methane, a potent ... -
Immunotoxicity of organo-halogenated contaminants in Norwegian white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Marine top predators are characterised by high levels of biomagnifying pollutants, such as organo-halogenated contaminants (OHCs). OHCs are man-made chemicals and many of them have been found to induce detrimental effects to wildlife. Marine top predators therefore represent good biological models to assess the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on wildlife health. In this study, we used a sentinel ... -
Toxicology of the Svalbard Atlantic Puffin
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-19)The Arctic is a sink for pollutants that accumulate there via long-range transport and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutant (POPs). The main objectives of this study were to identify the pollutants in the Svalbard Atlantic puffin and to compare their levels with southern puffin colonies and Svalbard seabird species to assess risk to the puffin. Svalbard Samples were analysed for contaminants ... -
Impacts of water level regulation on trophic niche and growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Norwegian hydropower reservoirs
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Hydropower is among the largest renewable energy sources globally. However, it can have drastic environmental and socio-economic impacts on dammed lakes (i.e., reservoirs) and rivers where water levels are regulated due to hydropower operations. Water level regulation in hydropower reservoirs is known to be a large environmental problem, leading to changes in the abiotic conditions, which subsequently ... -
Musculoskeletal symptoms among workers in the commercial fishing fleet of Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-25)<i>Background</i>: Fishers exposed to unfavourable environmental conditions may suffer negative health ef- fects. This study aimed to identify musculoskeletal symptoms in professional fishers in Norway using data from several sources; register data, telephone survey and questionnaire.<p> <p><i>Materials and methods</i>: Professional fishers (n = 25,971) registered in the period 2008-2013 were ...
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