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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Eat or sleep: Availability of winter prey explains mid-winter and spring activity in an Arctic Calanus population
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09-25)Copepods of the genus <i>Calanus</i> have adapted to high levels of seasonality in prey availability by entering a period of hibernation during winter known as diapause, but repeated observations of active <i>Calanus</i> spp. have been made in January in high latitude fjords which suggests plasticity in over-wintering strategies. During the last decade, the period of Polar Night has been studied ... -
Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-21)Aphids are major crop pests that are feeding on plant sap and transmitting plant viruses, thus inducing high yield losses worldwide. As chemical pesticides are decreasingly used in plant protection, fungi that cause disease to insects (entomopathogenic fungi) are one of the promising alternatives. They are commonly applied by spraying plants to protect them against herbivores. When applied, some ... -
Within-Season Trends in Abundance and Distribution of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Antarctic Peninsula Region
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-15)Fine-scale knowledge of cetacean abundance and distribution throughout the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is lacking yet essential for effective ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). We investigated an important area both for migratory humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fisheries to assess potential spatio-temporal interactions, for use in adaptive EBFM ... -
The effect of climate change on the fish community in Lille Rostavatn, northern Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-21)Over the last 20 years there has been a large change in the fish community structure in Lille Rostavatn, northern Norway. The relative contribution of the cold-water adapted fish species, Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) and burbot (<i>Lota lota</i>), has distinctly decreased whereas the more temperate-adapted fish species, grayling (<i>Thymallus thymallus</i>) and brown trout (<i>Salmo ... -
Hydrocarbon biodegradation potential in environmental bacterial metagenome
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-15)Hydrocarbon pollution in marine environments present an acute problem which is aggravated by cold temperatures. This is especially relevant in important environmental and economic northern regions such as the Barents Sea. The Barents Sea region has become the focus of oil industries from Russia and Norway, incrementing the risk of hydrocarbon pollution. Bioremediation is a cost-effective and ... -
Microbial diversity and ecology in the coastal Arctic seasonal ice zone
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-03-11)Marine microbes are crucial for the marine food web and carbon cycle. Algae are the main source of organic matter in the oceans with algae blooms triggering reoccurring bacterial succession patterns. Bacteria can recycle nutrients from organic matter coming from land or algae, fueling regenerated primary production. Terrestrial freshwater inputs can have substantial impacts on Arctic marine microbes ... -
Variation in epiphytic vegetation in spruce plantations and adjacent native birch forests in North Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2007-05)Epiphytic vegetation can contribute to increased knowledge on how planting of spruce in areas where spruce does not occur naturally in the landscape can affect the environment. In the current study, 31 spruce plantations in Troms and Vesterålen in North Norway were investigated, with emphasis on species abundance of macrolichens on tree trunks and branches. The main assumption was that planting of ... -
Present and future time perspectives and health behavior
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-03-12)<p><i>Background and purpose: </i>Lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of life-time disability and death in modern society. Knowledge of the underlying causes and mechanisms of health behavior choices is crucially important when developing health-promoting campaigns and planning health behavior interventions. This dissertation aimed to advance our understanding of the relationship between time ... -
Global plant trait relationships extend to theclimatic extremes of the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-12)The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within ... -
Community structure of deep fjord and shelf benthic fauna receiving different detrital kelp inputs in northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-05)Kelp forests produce large amounts of macroalgal detritus, ranging from whole plants to small particles (1 mm). The role of this kelp detritus in fueling deep-sea communities adjacent to healthy kelp forests was investigated in a region in the north of Norway by comparing the community structure and biodiversity of meio-, macro-, and megafauna in two deep (450 m) areas with different expected input ... -
Fouling of macro epibionts on cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae). In situ temporal and spatial variation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-03-04)The motivation for macroalgal cultivation is to meet the global demand for food, energy and biomaterials for a rapidly growing human population in the context of the challenges of limited terrestrial food resources. Over the last 20 years the interest in seaweed cultivation has increased in European countries, and the kelp <i>Saccharina latissima</i> is one of the best-suited species for cultivation ... -
Firm internal drivers for eco-process innovation - A multi-method analysis of energy efficiency in Norwegian manufacturing firms
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-02-17)The high energy intensity of the manufacturing sector places it at the centre of all greenhouse gas emission abatement programmes. The thesis is thus motivated by the need to increase the environmental performance of the sector, and aims to explore the internal drivers in stimulating eco-process innovation in manufacturing firms. To this end, I use an explorative research design and explore the ... -
Fine-Tuning Climate Resilience in Marine Socio-Ecological Systems: The Need for Accurate Space-Time Representativeness to Identify Relevant Consequences and Responses
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-18)Climate change triggers a wide mosaic of regional and local responses, often different to the large-scale variability in magnitude and direction. Because of the psychological connections (cognitive and emotional) with the frequency, intensity and age of a climatic event, people may have the capacity to recognize key variations at lower scales, especially those from which they perceive risk. Yet, the ... -
Can private provision of primary care contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance? A study of antibiotic prescription in Sweden
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-23)<p><i>Background - </i>Growing rates of antibiotic resistance, caused by increasing antibiotic use, pose a threat by making antibiotics less effective in treating infections. <p><i>Objective - </i>We aimed to study whether physicians working at privately and publicly owned health centres differed in the likelihood of prescribing antibiotics and choosing broad-spectrum over narrow-spectrum ... -
Diversity, abundance, and life histories of littoral chydorids (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in a subarctic European lake
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-22)Littoral chydorids were sampled with a bottom sledge in Takvatn, a 15 km2 north Norwegian oligotrophic lake with poor vegetation. Three out of eight recorded species of chydorids were common, with abundance minima in late summer and maxima in autumn. Eurycercus lamellatus (O.F. Müller, 1776) and Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1835) were monocyclic, whereas Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776) was ... -
First report of freshwater atyid shrimp, Caridina formosae (Decapoda: Caridea) as a host of ectosymbiotic branchiobdellidan, Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida, Citellata)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-20)In recent years, ornamental shrimps gained increasing popularity in the aquarium trade. Unfortunately, they are potential vectors of epibionts, which may be unintentionally introduced to aquaria with imported shrimps. This contribution presents the first report of the occurrence of Holtodrilus truncatus on aquarium freshwater shrimp Caridina formosae. A total of 120 shrimp imported from Taiwan as ... -
Economic performance and capacity utilisation in vietnamese purse seine fishery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020)This study identifies differences in vessel efficiency amongst purse seiners in Vietnamese fishery. Deterministic data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to assess relative capacity utilisation of each vessel, and double bootstrap DEA was adopted to overcome some of the drawbacks of nonparametric DEA. The study was based on a survey of costs and earnings from 52 purse seiners in 2016, revealing ... -
Screening for Cellulolytic Plant Enzymes Using Colorimetric and Fluorescence Methods
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)Cellulolytic activity can be measured using a variety of methods, the choice of which depends on the raw material and goals. An inexpensive, rapid, and reliable method, suitable for plants and other sources alike, is based on digestion of the easily degradable soluble cellulose derivative carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Direct detection of CMC digestion by cellulolytic activity is based on the “negative ... -
An overview of the uses of per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-30)Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern because of their high persistence (or that of their degradation products) and their impacts on human and environmental health that are known or can be deduced from some well-studied PFAS. Currently, many different PFAS (on the order of several thousands) are used in a wide range of applications, and there is no comprehensive source of information ... -
The high persistence of PFAS is sufficient for their management as a chemical class
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-29)Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic organic substances with diverse structures, properties, uses, bioaccumulation potentials and toxicities. Despite this high diversity, all PFAS are alike in that they contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation. The vast majority of PFAS are therefore either non-degradable ...
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