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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Food web functions and interactions during spring and summer in the arctic water inflow region: Investigated through inverse modeling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-28)We used inverse modeling to reconstruct major planktonic food web carbon flows in the Atlantic Water inflow, east and north of Svalbard during spring (18–25 May) and summer (9–13 August), 2014. The model was based on three intensively sampled stations during both periods, corresponding to early, peak, and decline phases of a <i>Phaeocystis</i> and diatom dominated bloom (May), and flagellates dominated ... -
Microbial danger signals control transcriptional induction of distinct MHC class I L lineage genes in Atlantic salmon
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-11)Antigen processing and presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is a cornerstone in vertebrate immunity. Like mammals, teleosts possess both classical MHC class I and multiple families of divergent MHC class I genes. However, while certain mammalian MHC class I-like molecules have proven to be integral in immune regulation against a broad array of pathogens, the biological ... -
Sero-prevalence of brucellosis among slaughterhouse workers in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-22)<i>Background</i> - Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease and is common especially among pastoral communities in most low and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to determine sero-prevalence, and risk factors of Brucella infection among Slaughterhouse workers, in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - A cross sectional study was conducted among Slaughterhouse ... -
The Neglected Marine Fungi, Sensu stricto, and Their Isolation for Natural Products’ Discovery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-10)Despite the rapid development of molecular techniques relevant for natural product research, culture isolates remain the primary source from which natural products chemists discover and obtain new molecules from microbial sources. Techniques for obtaining and identifying microbial isolates (such as filamentous fungi) are thus of crucial importance for a successful natural products’ discovery program. ... -
Quantification of bell-shaped size selectivity in shrimp trawl fisheries using square mesh panels and a sorting cone after a Nordmøre grid
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-12)Shrimp trawlers in the Barents Sea use a Nordmøre sorting grid ahead of a small-mesh codend to avoid bycatch while catching shrimps efficiently. However, small fish can still pass through the grid to enter the codend, which increases their risk of being retained. In this study, we quantified the selectivity of a standard Nordmøre grid used together with one of two different codend designs, namely a ... -
Trained Innate Immunity of Fish Is a Viable Approach in Larval Aquaculture
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-25)The general understanding has been that only adaptive immunity is capable of immunological memory, but this concept has been challenged in recent years by studies showing that innate immune systems can mount resistance to reinfection—as the innate immune system can adapt its function following an insult. Innate immune training offers an attractive approach in intensive fish larval rearing, especially ... -
A first fecundity study of the female snow crab Chionoecetes opilio Fabricius, 1788 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Oregoniidae) of the newly established population in the Barents Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-11)The snow crab <i>Chionoecetes opilio</i> Fabricius, 1788 is a newly established species in the Barents Sea. Since the first individuals were recorded in 1996, the population has increased and a fishery was initiated in 2012. Mature female snow crab caught in the central Barents Sea were investigated with regards to fecundity. Ovigerous females (<i>N</i> = 185) ranged from 48 to 100 mm carapace width ... -
Improved Environmental Status: 50 Years of Declining Fish Mercury Levels in Boreal and Subarctic Fennoscandia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-14)Temporally (1965–2015) and spatially (55°–70°N) extensive records of total mercury (Hg) in freshwater fish showed consistent declines in boreal and subarctic Fennoscandia. The database contains 54 560 fish entries (n: pike > perch ≫ brown trout > roach ≈ Arctic charr) from 3132 lakes across Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Russian Murmansk area. 74% of the lakes did not meet the 0.5 ppm limit to protect ... -
Transcriptomic analysis reveals dose-dependent modes of action of benzo(a)pyrene in polar cod (Boreogadus saida)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-21)Polar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) has been used as a model Arctic species for hazard assessment of environmental stressors such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, most of the PAH studies using polar cod rely on targeted biomarker-based analysis thus may not adequately address the complexity of the toxic mechanisms of the stressors. The present study was performed to develop a ... -
Infectious Disease Outbreak Associated with Supplementary Feeding of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-18)Supplementary winter feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) has become more common in Sweden and Norway due to reindeer pasture fragmentation and climatic conditions. With increased corralling and feeding, often associated with animal stress, increased animal-to-animal contact, and poor hygienic conditions, an altered range of health challenges and diseases may ... -
Governance in the High North: Rhetoric vs reality in the Barents region
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)This special issue of Barents Studies attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the role of local governance in strategic development of the High North, with examples from the Barents Region. The High North regions have gained increased attention for their natural resources (including fish, oil, gas, minerals, tourist destinations, new transport solutions, and digital infrastructure), for ... -
Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-29)Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and decline worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations ... -
A rapid preparation procedure for laser microdissection‑mediated harvest of plant tissues for gene expression analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-02)<p><i>Background - </i>Gene expression changes that govern essential biological processes can occur at the cell-specific level. To gain insight into such events, laser microdissection is applied to cut out specific cells or tissues from which RNA for gene expression analysis is isolated. However, the preparation of plant tissue sections for laser microdissection and subsequent RNA isolation usually ... -
Incomplete degradation of lichen usnic acid and atranorin in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-22)Previous studies of Eurasian tundra reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) in Norway indicate that their rumen microbiota play a key role in degrading lichen secondary metabolites. We investigated the presence of usnic acid and atranorin in faecal samples from Svalbard reindeer (<i>R. tarandus platyrhynchus</i>). Samples were collected in Bolterdalen valley together with vegetation samples ... -
Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-05)As environmental DNA (eDNA) becomes an increasingly valuable resource for marine ecosystem monitoring, understanding variation in its persistence across contrasting environments is critical. Here, we quantify the breakdown of macrobial eDNA over a spatio-temporal axis of locally extreme conditions, varying from ocean-influenced offshore to urban-inshore, and between winter and summer. We report that ... -
EU-OPENSCREEN: A novel collaborative approach to facilitate chemical biology
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-07)Compound screening in biological assays and subsequent optimization of hits is indispensable for the development of new molecular research tools and drug candidates. To facilitate such discoveries, the European Research Infrastructure EU-OPENSCREEN was founded recently with the support of its member countries and the European Commission. Its distributed character harnesses complementary knowledge, ... -
Consuming food in pre-industrial Korean travel: approaching from Veblen´s conspicuous consumption
(Peer reviewed; Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2019-02-02)The chapter considered Thorstein Veblen’s description of conspicuous consumption in the context of consuming food while travelling. Travelogues from pre-industrial Korean society were used for the data in the chapter, employing critical discourse analysis. The identified meanings were subsequently reflected on Veblen’s conspicuous consumption. Two embedded notions of instrumental and intrinsic values ... -
Seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the infection of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a subarctic lake.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-14)The vast majority of studies in northern lake systems have been carried out on a short-term scale, principally during spring and summer and mostly focusing on a single parasite species. There are few winter studies of fish parasites in the subarctic area, and even less regarding seasonal variations in the sub-communities of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout ... -
Seasonal dynamics of the marine CO2 system in Adventfjorden, a West Spitsbergen fjord
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-11)Time series of the marine CO<sub>2</sub> system and related parameters at the IsA Station, by Adventfjorden, Svalbard, were investigated between March 2015 and November 2017. The physical and biogeochemical processes that govern changes in total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the saturation state of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite (Ω<sub>Ar</sub>) were assessed ... -
Advancing research for the management of long-lived species: A case study on the Greenland Shark
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-02)Long-lived species share life history traits such as slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity, which lead to slow recovery rates and increase a population’s vulnerability to disturbance. The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) has recently been recognized as the world’s longest-lived vertebrate, but many questions regarding its biology, physiology, and ecology remain unanswered. Here we ...
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