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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Lysophosphatidylcholines and Chlorophyll-Derived Molecules from the Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium with Anti-Inflammatory Activity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-17)Microalgae have been shown to be excellent producers of lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, and a plethora of secondary metabolites with possible applications in the pharmacological, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical sectors. Recently, various microalgal raw extracts have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we performed the fractionation of raw extracts of the diatom ... -
Tourism in marine protected areas: Can it be considered as an alternative livelihood for local communities?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-03)The promotion of tourism has been considered to be a key strategy in reducing people's dependence on marine resources and for creating alternative livelihoods for the communities living in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This paper studies the determinants for the decision of participation in tourism-related activities and examines whether tourism could be regarded as an alternative livelihood for ... -
Mapping the Historical Shipwreck Figaro in the High Arctic Using Underwater Sensor-Carrying Robots
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-19)In 2007, a possible wreck site was discovered in Trygghamna, Isfjorden, Svalbard by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service. Using (1) a REMUS 100 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with a sidescan sonar (SSS) and (2) a Seabotix LBV 200 mini-remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a high-definition (HD) camera, the wreck was in 2015 identified as the Figaro: a floating whalery that sank in 1908. ... -
Advantages and Limitations of Using Mobile Apps for Protected Area Monitoring and Management
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-18)Digital technologies, including participatory Internet mapping, social media and smartphones, provide new avenues for research in outdoor recreation and tourism. The potential to reach a greater audience and collect visitation data on a broader scale, with less costs than traditional paper surveys, are key advantages that have increased the use of these novel technologies. Using of mobile apps for ... -
Compositional and morphological analyses of wax in northern wild berry species
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-21)Aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a waxy cuticle protecting plants from excessive water loss and UV light. In the present study, composition and morphology of cuticular waxes of northern wild berry species bilberry (<i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> L.), lingonberry (V. <i>vitis-idaea</i> L.), bog bilberry (V. <i>uliginosum</i> L.) and crowberry (<i>Empetrum nigrum</i> L.) were investigated. Scanning ... -
Evaluation of open- and closed-eyed entrances on retention and escape of invasive swimming crabs and associated fauna from pots in their native range
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-29)Fishing trials targeting several invasive swimming crab species in their native habitat were undertaken using two types of collapsible pot, one with open-eyed entrances and the other with closed-eyed entrances, to analyse differences in catch retention between them. The open-eyed pot was dome-shaped with two funnel entrances located at opposite ends, whereas the closed-eyed pot had two soft sleeves ... -
The role of marine mammals in the Barents Sea foodweb
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-26)Marine mammals are important players in the Barents Sea ecosystem but their structural role in the foodweb has been little explored. We compare foodweb-related characteristics within and between phylogenetic groups for 19 marine mammals. As a group, they directly connect to the most central species (i.e cod and haddock) in the Barents Sea (i.e. cod and haddock) and consume over half of the available ... -
The genetic legacy of extreme exploitation in a polar vertebrate
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-20)Understanding the effects of human exploitation on the genetic composition of wild populations is important for predicting species persistence and adaptive potential. We therefore investigated the genetic legacy of large-scale commercial harvesting by reconstructing, on a global scale, the recent demographic history of the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), a species that was hunted to the ... -
Sami knowledge and ecosystem-based adaptation strategies for managing pastures under threat from multiple land uses
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-13)Ecosystem‐based adaptation (EbA) relies upon the capacity of ecosystems to buffer communities against the adverse impacts of climate change. Maintaining ecosystems that deliver critical services to communities can also provide co‐benefits beyond adaptation, such as climate mitigation and protection of biological diversity and livelihoods. EbA has, to a limited extent, drawn upon indigenous and local ... -
Global effect of urban sprawl, industrialization, trade and economic development on carbon dioxide emissions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-05)Significant progress has been made towards mitigating climate change and its impacts across countries. However, the transboundary effect of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions means that excluding the actions and inactions of certain countries and territories that escalate emissions is alarming. On this note, we examined the heterogeneous contribution of immediate and underlying drivers of emissions across 206 ... -
Nursing staff’s evaluation of facilitators and barriers during implementation of wireless nurse call systems in residential care facilities. A cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-04)<i>Background</i> - Traditional nurse call systems used in residential care facilities rely on patients to summon assistance for routine or emergency needs. Wireless nurse call systems (WNCS) offer new affordances for persons unable to actively or consciously engage with the system, allowing detection of hazardous situations, prevention and timely treatment, as well as enhanced nurse workflows. ... -
Identifying spatial overlap in the values of locals, domestic- and international tourists to protected areas
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-22)Nature-based tourism is increasingly encouraged to support local socioeconomic development in and around protected areas, but managing protected areas for tourism could challenge existing park uses associated with self-organized outdoor recreation and local resource use. We used a web-based Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) to identify the most important places and values ... -
Marine CO2 system variability in a high arctic tidewater-glacier fjord system, Tempelfjorden, Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-04)The marine CO<sub>2</sub> system in Tempelfjorden (Svalbard) was investigated between August 2015 and December 2017 using total alkalinity, pH, temperature, salinity, oxygen isotopic ratio, and nutrient data. Primary production resulted in the largest changes that were observed in the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, 140 μatm) and the saturation state of aragonite ... -
Maternal Photoperiodic Programming: Melatonin and Seasonal Synchronization Before Birth
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-10)This mini-review considers the phenomenon of maternal photoperiodic programming (MPP). In order to match neonatal development to environmental conditions at the time of birth, mammals use melatonin produced by the maternal pineal gland as a transplacental signal representing ambient photoperiod. Melatonin acts via receptors in the fetal pituitary gland, exerting actions on the developing medio-basal ... -
Vertical export of marine pelagic protists in an ice-free high-Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen) throughout 2011-2012
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-06)The ecosystem role of Arctic microbial communities is still largely unknown. Based on a time-series study at the IsA station (West Spitsbergen), the seasonality and contribution of pelagic protists to the vertical flux was investigated at 7 time points during 2011-2012. The hydrography of this high-Arctic fjord was evaluated to identify impacts on the community composition during the different ... -
Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-21)Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). However, the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations ... -
The heterogeneity of shoppers’ supermarket behaviors based on the use of carrying equipment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-28)Research on in-store behavior has largely focused on shoppers with carts. In a study involving 15 stores and a total of 3540 shoppers, we document that only 20 percent of shoppers actually use shopping carts, while 28 percent use baskets and 51 percent use no carrying equipment. To better understand the role of carrying equipment, we collected data in a second study from 635 complete shopping trips ... -
Genetic population structure and variation at phenology‐related loci in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-03)The Arctic will be especially affected by climate change, resulting in altered seasonal timing. Anadromous Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) is strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) delimiting time periods available for foraging in the sea. Recent studies of salmonid species have shown variation at phenology‐related loci associated with timing of migration and spawning. We ... -
A raster version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-17)Land cover maps are the basic data layer required for understanding and modeling ecological patterns and processes. The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM), produced in 2003, has been widely used as a base map for studies in the arctic tundra biome. However, the relatively coarse resolution and vector format of the map were not compatible with many other data sets. We present a new version of ... -
A transdisciplinary approach to Brucella in Muskoxen of the Western Canadian Arctic 1989-2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-14)Brucella serostatus was evaluated in 3189 muskoxen sampled between 1989 and 2016 from various locations of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and mainland, near the communities of Sachs Harbour and Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, and Cambridge Bay and Kugluktuk, Nunavut. Brucella antibodies were found only in muskoxen sampled around Cambridge Bay, both on southern Victoria Island and on the adjacent ...
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