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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Trading off co-produced marine ecosystem services: Natural resource industries versus other use and non-use ecosystem service values
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-22)Ecosystem services (ESs) may be both non-market and market based. Both may provide important input to societal welfare. Using natural resources, or converting nature in the development of market based ES may impact the access to non-market or more conservationist ES, and vice versa. How does the general public trade-off between these two types of ES? We use two valuation studies in Northern Norway ... -
Expert Assessment of Risks Posed by Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities to Ecosystem Services in the Deep North Atlantic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-24)Sustainable development of the ocean is a central policy objective in Europe through the Blue Growth Strategy and globally through parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Achieving sustainable exploitation of deep sea resources is challenged due to the huge uncertainty around the many risks posed by human activities on these remote ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. We ... -
Learning to face global food challenges through tourism experiences
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-26)<i>Purpose</i> – The purpose of this paper is to provoke reflections on the potential contribution of food tourism experiences to achieving the sustainable development goals for eradicating hunger and malnutrition.<p> <p><i>Design/methodology/approach</i> – In line with the creative analytic practice in scientific inquiry, this study develops and discusses a futuristic scenario inspired by a ... -
Isolation and Charecterization of New secondary metabolites from the Arctic Bryozoans Securiflustra securifrons and Dendrobeania murrayana
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-08-30)Marine bryozoans is a prolific source of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the total number of natural products isolated from marine bryozoans is limited, The present study was focused on isolation and characterization of new compounds from Arctic marine bryozoans. The novel compounds were isolated by using two different approaches. For bioassay-guided isolation, fractions ... -
Greenland Shark (Somniosus microcephalus) stomach contents and stable isotope values reveal an ontogenetic dietary shift
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-04)Current knowledge on the feeding ecology of the Greenland shark (<i>Somniosus microcephalus</i>), a potential top predator in arctic marine ecosystems, is based on small sample sizes as well as narrow size ranges of sharks. Therefore, potential size-related feeding patterns remain poorly documented. Using stomach content data (<i>N</i> = 88) and stable isotope values of white muscle tissue (<i>N</i> ... -
Dead or Alive; or Does It Really Matter? Level of Congruency Between Trophic Modes in Total and Active Fungal Communities in High Arctic Soil
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-08)Describing dynamics of belowground organisms, such as fungi, can be challenging. Results of studies based on environmental DNA (eDNA) may be biased as the template does not discriminate between metabolically active cells and dead biomass. We analyzed ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) coextracted from 48 soil samples collected from a manipulated snow depth experiment in two distinct ... -
Efficient sampling for ecosystem service supply assessment at a landscape scale
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-19)Decision makers and stakeholders need high-quality data to manage ecosystem services (ES) efficiently. Landscape-level data on ES that are of sufficient quality to identify spatial tradeoffs, co-occurrence and hotspots of ES are costly to collect, and it is therefore important to increase the efficiency of sampling of primary data. We demonstrate how ES could be assessed more efficiently through ... -
Middlemen: good for resources and fishermen?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-16)This paper studies the role of middlemen in open-access fisheries and how the organization of the supply chains affects resource exploitation and the level and distribution of economic rent. Imperfect competition among middlemen can help ensure that fish stocks are not depleted, which is typically the case in open-access fisheries with competitive markets. Middlemen with market power can also induce ... -
Rodent population cycle as a determinant of gastrointestinal nematode abundance in a low-arctic population of the red fox
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-22)We analyzed an 11-year time series (2005–2015) of parasite abundance for three intestinal nematode species in the red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) as a function of the multi-annual rodent population cycle in low-arctic Norway, while correcting for other potential covariates that could influence prevalence and abundance. Rodents are paratenic and facultative intermediate hosts for the two Ascarididae ... -
The relationship between the firm's social media strategy and the consumers' engagement behavior in aviation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-05)Social media platforms constitute a new frontline for brands to build relationships with their customers. Nevertheless, the literature on social media engagement behavior is unidimensional, as it focuses on customer engagement while neglecting the customer's influence on managerial decisions. The current paper goes a step further by applying the theory of the marketing firm (TMF). We investigated ... -
Contrasting associations between breeding coloration and parasitism of male Arctic charr relate to parasite species and life cycle stage
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-23)Conspicuous carotenoid ornamentation is considered a signal of individual “quality” and one of the most intensely studied traits found to co-vary with parasitism. Since it has been suggested that only “high quality” individuals have enough resources to express excessive sexual ornaments and resist parasites, current theory struggles to explain cases where the brightest individuals carry the most ... -
Arctic charr brain transcriptome strongly affected by summer seasonal growth but only subtly by feed deprivation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-27)<i>Background</i>: The Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) has a highly seasonal feeding cycle that comprises long periods of voluntary fasting and a short but intense feeding period during summer. Therefore, the charr represents an interesting species for studying appetite-regulating mechanisms in fish. <p> <p><i>Results</i>: In this study, we compared the brain transcriptomes of fed and ... -
Resilience to exogenous shocks in environmental management regimes in the Arctic – lessons learned from survivors
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-13)A changing climate will impact not only the environment but all levels of governance thereof, including the context of the close to 400 multilateral environmental management agreements signed since the year 2000. For the Ocean, researchers project that the increasing sea surface temperatures will facilitate large changes in the marine food web, including large shifts in distribution patterns of ... -
Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-09)Translocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. In this study, we evaluated the genetic consequences of large‐scale translocation of cleaner wrasses that has become a common practice within the salmon aquaculture industry in ... -
A participatory scenario method to explore the future of marine social‐ecological systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-01)Anticipating future changes in marine social‐ecological systems (MSES) several decades into the future is essential in the context of accelerating global change. This is challenging in situations where actors do not share common understandings, practices, or visions about the future. We introduce a dedicated scenario method for the development of MSES scenarios in a participatory context. The objective ... -
Trophic interactions and abiotic factors drive functional and phylogenetic structure of vertebrate herbivore communities across the Arctic tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-29)Communities are assembled from species that evolve or colonise a given geographic region, and persist in the face of abiotic conditions and interactions with other species. The evolutionary and colonisation histories of communities are characterised by phylogenetic diversity, while functional diversity is indicative of abiotic and biotic conditions. The relationship between functional and phylogenetic ... -
Stakeholders’ perceptions of protected area management following a nationwide community-based conservation reform
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-24)People’s perceptions can point to reasons for conservation support or lack thereof. In this study, we surveyed the perceptions of conservation among local stakeholders who participated in protected area (PA) management following a reform towards community-based conservation in Norway. We analyzed the link between perceptions of threats to conservation values, prioritized management actions and ... -
Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-12)The olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present on the lamellae in all the chondrichthyan species analyzed to date, their shape and size have not been described. We here analyze the olfactory organ of 13 elasmobranch and 1 holocephalan species, describe the shape of ... -
New Late Pleistocene species of Acharax from Arctic methane seeps off Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-01)We report, for the first time, the solemyid <i>Acharax svalbardensis</i> sp. nov., from deep-sea methane seep sites on the western Svalbard margin, 79°N. This species is rather small and so far the northernmost representative of its genus. It is identified based on the following combination of diagnostic characters: umbo 27–30% valve length from posterior margin; H/L ratio ∼0.35; broadly rounded to ... -
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large-scale kelp recovery?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-14)Ongoing changes along the northeastern Atlantic coastline provide an opportunity to explore the influence of climate change and multitrophic interactions on the recovery of kelp. Here, vast areas of sea urchin‐dominated barren grounds have shifted back to kelp forests, in parallel with changes in sea temperature and predator abundances. We have compiled data from studies covering more than 1,500‐km ...
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