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norskFakultet for biovitenskap, fiskeri og økonomi
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Handelshøgskolen ved UiT [748]
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Soil protist diversity in the Swiss western Alps is better predicted by topo-climatic than by edaphic variables
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-01)<i>Aim</i> - Trends in spatial patterns of diversity in macroscopic organisms can be well predicted from correlative models, using topo‐climatic variables for plants and animals allowing inference over large scales. By contrast, diversity in soil microorganisms is generally considered as mostly driven by edaphic variables and, therefore, difficult to extrapolate on a large spatial scale based on ... -
Methanol-based acetoin production by genetically engineered Bacillus methanolicus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-10)Methanol is an attractive alternative non-food feedstock for industrial fermentations that can be used instead of sugar-based raw materials. Here, the thermophilic and methylotrophic bacterium <i>Bacillus methanolicus</i> MGA3 was metabolically engineered to produce the platform chemical (<i>R</i>)-acetoin from methanol at 50 °C. Three different heterologous <i>alsSD/budAB</i> operons, each encoding ... -
Deepened winter snow significantly influences the availability and forms of nitrogen taken up by plants in High Arctic tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-13)Climate change may alter nutrient cycling in Arctic soils and plants. Deeper snow during winter, as well as summer warming, could increase soil temperatures and thereby the availability of otherwise limiting nutrients such as nitrogen (N). We used fences to manipulate snow depths in Svalbard for 9 consecutive years, resulting in three snow regimes: 1) <i>Ambient</i> with a maximum snow depth of ... -
Soil organic carbon depletion and degradation in surface soil after long-term non-growing season warming in High Arctic Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-07-26)Arctic tundra active-layer soils are at risk of soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion and degradation upon global climate warming because they are in a stage of relatively early decomposition. Non-growing season (NGS) warming is particularly pronounced, and observed increases of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during experimentally warmed NGSs give concern for great SOC losses to the atmosphere. Here, we ... -
An integrative view of mammalian seasonal neuroendocrinology
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-06)Seasonal neuroendocrine cycles that govern annual changes in reproductive activity, energy metabolism and hair growth are almost ubiquitous in mammals that have evolved at temperate and polar latitudes. Changes in nocturnal melatonin secretion regulating gene expression in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary stalk are a critical common feature in seasonal mammals. The PT sends signal(s) to the ... -
Persistence of arctic-alpine flora during 24,000 years of environmental change in the Polar Urals.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-23)Plants adapted to extreme conditions can be at high risk from climate change; arctic-alpine plants, in particular, could “run out of space” as they are out-competed by expansion of woody vegetation. Mountain regions could potentially provide safe sites for arctic-alpine plants in a warmer climate, but empirical evidence is fragmentary. Here we present a 24,000-year record of species persistence based ... -
Temporal and spatial dynamics of the invasive red king crab and native brachyuran and anomuran larvae in Norwegian waters
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-16)This study investigates the temporal and spatial patterns of larval stages of the invasive red king crab <i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i> (RKC) and co-existing native brachyurans and anomurans in a Norwegian fjord. It is one of few field studies describing the larval stage of native and invasive brachyurans and anomurans in the southern Barents Sea. Larvae were collected at 6 to 18 stations at ... -
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-20)Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to ... -
Populasjonssykluser hos hare – drevet av rovdyr og spesielt gaupe
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-27)Snøskohare – og gaupesyklusene i det boreale Nord-Amerika er et av de best kjente eksempler på populasjonssykluser. Sammenlignet med andre sykliske arter har denne syklusen en relativ konstant periode på 9–10 år. Haretettheten varierer typisk 20–30 ganger mellom topp- og bunnår. Mye økologisk forskning har ved hjelp av forskjellige metoder forsøkt å avdekke årsakene til snøskoharesyklusene, også med ... -
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α Inhibits the Expression of Immunosuppressive Tryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase in Glioblastoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-04)Abnormal circulation in solid tumors results in hypoxia, which modulates both tumor intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumor immune responses. Given the importance of hypoxia in glioblastoma (GBM) biology and particularly in shaping anti-tumor immunity, we analyzed which immunomodulatory genes are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia in GBM cells. Gene expression analyses ... -
A Multi-Pathogen Screening of Captive Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Germany Based on Serological and Molecular Assays
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-20)Captive reindeer in German zoos and wildlife parks live outside their natural geographic range and are exposed to a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, some host-specific and some which they are not exposed to in their native habitat. Reindeer blood samples and ticks collected in 2013 from 123 reindeer at 16 different zoological facilities were available from a previous study. The ... -
When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: Mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-12)The flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral (<i>Corydalis ambigua</i>) ... -
Maternal Photoperiodic Programming: Melatonin and Seasonal Synchronization Before Birth
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-10)This mini-review considers the phenomenon of maternal photoperiodic programming (MPP). In order to match neonatal development to environmental conditions at the time of birth, mammals use melatonin produced by the maternal pineal gland as a transplacental signal representing ambient photoperiod. Melatonin acts via receptors in the fetal pituitary gland, exerting actions on the developing medio-basal ... -
Identifying climate-sensitive infectious diseases in animals and humans in Northern regions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-14)<i>Background</i> - General knowledge on climate change effects and adaptation strategies has increased significantly in recent years. However, there is still a substantial information gap regarding the influence of climate change on infectious diseases and how these diseases should be identified. From a One Health perspective, zoonotic infections are of particular concern. The climate in Northern ... -
Pestivirus Infections in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Serological Study in Finnmark County, Norway.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-26)Members of the Pestivirus genus (family <i>Flaviviridae</i>) cause severe and economically important diseases in livestock. Serological studies have revealed the presence of pestiviruses in different cervid species, including wild and semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer. In this retrospective study, serum samples collected between 2006 and 2008 from 3339 semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer ... -
Nature-based tourism, resource dependence, and resilience of Arctic communities: framing complex issues in a changing environment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Preprint; Manuskript, 2019-05-16)Current research on tourism in the Arctic has focused largely on the extent, location, and type of tourism activities that occur in the region. Recently, challenges have been identified that the tourism industry is likely to face in the wake of global changes, including climate change. Related research, conducted within and outside of the Arctic, suggests that rural communities can become economically ... -
Wildlife tourism through the co-creation lens
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Preprint; Manuskript, 2019-05-03)This study reflects on the conceptualisation of wild animals as co-creators. Its purpose is to encourage reflection about the role of animals in wildlife tourism. Therefore, to this end – and in the belief that diversity and creativity are important elements in critical thinking – the study was developed by a research team with diverse professional backgrounds. It adopts a fictional methodological ... -
Absorptive Capacity, Co-creation, and Innovation Performance: A Cross-country Analysis of Gazelle and Nongazelle Companies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-09)<i>Purpose</i> - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of absorptive capacity (ACAP) and co-creation on innovation performance (INN).<p> <p><i>Design/methodology/approach</i> - The authors use survey data from Swedish and Norwegian companies (<i>n</i>=1,102) and establish a cross-national equivalence between Sweden and Norway.<p> <p><i>Findings</i> - The subsequent structural ... -
Flexibility in a changing arctic food web: Can rough-legged buzzards cope with changing small rodent communities?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-07)Indirect effects of climate change are often mediated by trophic interactions and consequences for individual species depend on how they are tied into the local food web. Here we show how the response of demographic rates of an arctic bird of prey to fluctuations in small rodent abundance changed when small rodent community composition and dynamics changed, possibly under the effect of climate ... -
Absorptive capacity and energy efficiency in manufacturing firms – An empirical analysis in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-02)Increased energy efficiency (EE) in manufacturing firms is important for confronting climate challenges. However, the information barrier is considered a major restriction on EE innovation. Building on the theory of absorptive capacity and the current EE literature, we argue that this barrier relates to firms' ability to assimilate and exploit information. Thus, this study's objective is to analyse ...
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