On 18 June, 1945 ,a 15½ year old boy, O.A.E. (born1929), was brought before the Stjørdal and Verdal court of inquiry together with his father. Both had spent two days in Vollan circuit jail and six weeks in Falstad internment camp on suspicion of criminal treason, as they during the German occupation had been members of the collaborationist party Nasjonal Samling (NS). According to the newspaper ...

Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, within family Carnobacteriaceae, and they are catalase- and oxidase-negative, non-sporing bacteria with properties such as CO² and L (+)- lactic acid production from glucose, but they are not able to grow on acetate agar. They are ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria and have been isolated from both cold and temperate environments, and ...

Permafrost soils store a substantial part of the global soil carbon and nitrogen. However, global warming causes abrupt erosion and gradual thaw, which make these stocks vulnerable to microbial decomposition into greenhouse gases. Here, we investigated the microbial response to abrupt in situ permafrost thaw. We sequenced the total RNA of a 1 m deep soil core consisting of up to 26 500-year-old permafrost ...

Creative thinking is crucial to address the sustainability challenge of academic conferences. Adopting a creativity lens, we explored the low-carbon initiatives and actions associated with an organizational studies conference in Italy. We relied on an action research approach that involved implementing one of the initiatives included in the study, interviews with key informants, and secondary data. ...

The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) is a vital part of the global carbon cycle as it produces, transforms, and transfers organic carbon from the surface ocean to the deep. To model the oceans capacity to store carbon today and in the future, we need to understand these processes well. In the Eurasian Arctic, the marine ecosystems who control most of the BCP face a rapid decline in sea ice cover, ...

Predation is an ecological process that relies on spatial and temporal co-occurrence of predators and their prey. In marine ecosystems, killer and humpback whales are considered sentinels of ecosystem health, given their critical roles as top predators in shaping marine food webs and their responsiveness to ecosystem changes. As they are seldom influenced by natural threats, they are model species ...

The anthropogenic impact on the world's ecosystems is severe and the need for non-invasive, cost-effective tools for monitoring and understanding those impacts are therefore urgent. Here, we combine two such methods in a comprehensive multi-year study; camera trapping (CT) and analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA), in river marginal zones of a temperate, wetland Nature Park in Denmark. CT was ...

The high Arctic is considered a pristine environment compared with many other regions in the northern hemisphere. It is becoming increasingly vulnerable to invasion by invasive alien species (IAS), however, as climate change leads to rapid loss of sea ice, changes in ocean temperature and salinity, and enhanced human activities. These changes are likely to increase the incidence of arrival and ...

Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...

Sustainable development counteracts climate change and strives for a good quality of life. It is a development based on economic, social and environmental goals which should be evaluated. Environmental taxes have to ensure enterprises’ development follows sustainability principles. The basis of environmental taxes is a physical unit of harmful substance emissions with a proven negative impact on the ...