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norskInstitutt for arktisk og marin biologi
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Predicting trawl catches using environmental DNA
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-07)Quantifying the biomass, or number of individuals, diversity, and distribution of marine species is a critical aspect of understanding and managing marine ecosystems. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using environmental DNA (eDNA) for marine ecosystem management and biodiversity assessment. However, the main challenge hindering eDNA applicability has been the inability to infer ... -
Screening for viruses using unicellular eukaryotes as hosts
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-11-15)This master’s project delves into the microbial diversity of the Arctic region, with focus on the isolation and characterization of a yeast of the Cystobasidium genus and likely viruses capable of infecting it. The research also shows preliminary results pointing at the movement and chemotaxis capabilities of the yeast, presenting findings that have the potential to shape our understanding of microbial ... -
Ecosystem structure and function of the North Water Polynya
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-14)The North Water Polynya is one of the most productive Arctic regions on Earth, sustaining the world's northernmost Inuit communities for millennia. The polynya is a large and persistent region of open water surrounded by sea ice and exhibits high primary productivity, is a biodiversity hotspot, and is a key habitat and migration corridor for Arctic species. Many aspects of the ecosystem structure ... -
Characterization of Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Brain of the Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) Reveal Possible Biochemical Adaptation to Diving
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-29)Diving mammals are perpetually required to manage low-oxygen conditions throughout their lives. The mammalian brain is an organ particularly vulnerable to low oxygen levels due to its high energy demands, which require steady aerobic ATP production. The brain of the deep- diving hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) demonstrates remarkable tolerance to hypoxia. Studies suggest that this brain hypoxia ... -
Benthic Megafauna Biodiversity Associated to Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in Norwegian waters
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)The biodiversity of benthos is influenced by habitat forming taxa defining Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME). Such indicator taxa are used to identify and designate VME areas, but their numerical relation to benthic biodiversity is not known. In this thesis I address the relationship between abundance of VME indicator-taxa and megabenthos biodiversity in Norwegian waters. The main objectives were ... -
The emerging picture of a diverse deep Arctic Ocean seafloor: From habitats to ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-04)Interest in the deep Arctic Ocean is rapidly increasing from governments, policy makers, industry, researchers, and conservation groups, accentuated by the growing accessibility of this remote region by surface vessel traffic. In this review, our goal is to provide an updated taxonomic inventory of benthic taxa known to occur in the deep Arctic Ocean and relate this inventory to habitat diversity. ... -
Benthic remineralization under future Arctic conditions and evaluating the potential for changes in carbon sequestration in warming sediments
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-07)Benthic (seafloor) remineralization of organic material determines the fate of carbon in the ocean and its sequestration. Bottom water temperature and labile carbon supply to the seafloor are expected to increase in a warming Arctic and correspondingly, benthic remineralization rates. We provide some of the first experimental data on the response of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), an established proxy ... -
Characterizing humpback whale behavior along the North-Norwegian coast
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-09)Background - Studying movement patterns of individual animals over time can give insight into how they interact with the environment and optimize foraging strategies. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) undertake long seasonal migrations between feeding areas in polar regions and breeding grounds in tropical areas. During the last decade, several individuals have had up to a 3-month stop-over ... -
Integrated approach-based groundwater mapping in sohag governorate, upper Egypt, using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-12)Introduction: Groundwater demand has been considerably heightened due to rapid urban growth, specifically in arid areas that rely primarily on groundwater. This study aims to utilize remote sensing and aeromagnetic data, combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based GIS, to evaluate potential groundwater zones in the Sohag area, Egypt.<p> <p>Methods: Nine thematic layers, including ... -
Testing the radiation cascade in postglacial radiations of whitefish and their parasites: founder events and host ecology drive parasite evolution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-19)Reciprocal effects of adaptive radiations on the evolution of interspecific interactions, like parasitism, remain barely explored. We test whether the recent radiations of European whitefish (Coregonus spp.) across and within perialpine and subarctic lakes promote its parasite Proteocephalus fallax (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) to undergo host repertoire expansion via opportunity and ecological fitting, ... -
Integration of AI Training in the Field of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria: An Overview
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-27)The presented work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current availability of education programs and courses related to of AI the field of Information Technologies and Computer Science in higher education institutions (HIEs) in the Republic of Bulgaria. More specifically, this study examines 163 bachelor’s and 239 master’s degree programs from 28 HEIs available during the 2023/24 academic ... -
Land cover succession for recently drained lakes in permafrost on the Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-17)Drained lake basins (DLBs) are dominant features in lowland permafrost landscapes of the Arctic. Here, we present a novel approach describing and quantifying the succession progression of recently drained basins using a land cover unit retrieval scheme developed specifically for the Arctic tundra biome. The complementarity between land cover units and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ... -
Loop analysis quantifying important species in a marine food web
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-10)Improving the predictive power of food web analysis is a major challenge. Identifying the relationships that link topological and dynamical features may help. We used the predictions of loop analysis about the effect of perturbations targeted to the components of Barents sea food web to quantify their sensitivity and community impact, that we summarized in two new indices, NI and NS. Using a ... -
Whole-ocean network design and implementation pathway for Arctic marine conservation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-25)Forestalling the decline of global biodiversity requires urgent and transformative action at all levels of government and society, particularly in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas where rapid changes are already underway. Amid growing scientific support and mounting pressure, the majority of nations have committed to the most ambitious conservation targets yet. However, without an approach ... -
Acoustic mapping reveals macroalgal settlement following a retreating glacier front in the High Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-10)Vegetated coastal marine ecosystems are projected to expand northwards in the Arctic due to climate change, but the mechanisms for this expansion are complex and nuanced. Macroalgal biomass in the littoral areas of Svalbard has been increasing, but data at the glacier fronts are very scarce. In this study, we use hydroacoustics and video validation from an unmanned surface vehicle to survey macroalgal ... -
Bilberry metabolomic and proteomic profiling during fruit ripening reveals key dynamics affecting fruit quality
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-16)Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a wild berry species that is prevalent in northern Europe. It is renowned and well-documented for its nutritional and bioactive properties, especially due to its anthocyanin content. However, an overview of biological systems governing changes in other crucial quality traits, such as size, firmness, and flavours, has received less attention. In the present study, ... -
Formative feedback through digital MCQs: Students´ perceived learning in a bachelor-level physiology course
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-29)Feedback is defined as a process in which students can benefit from information about their own performance to improve the quality of their work and learning strategies. This case study examines how students in a bachelor-level physiology course experienced their learning when receiving formative feedback through digital multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in the web-based learning platform Canvas. The ... -
Sea ice as habitat for microalgae, bacteria, virus, fungi, meio- and macrofauna: A review of an extreme environment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-30)The novel concept of the review is a focus on the organisms living in the sea ice and what mechanisms they have developed for their existence. The review describes the physical environment of the sea ice and the microorganisms living there as microalgae, bacteria, virus, fungi, meio- and macrofauna where they inhabit the brine channels and exposed to low temperatures as down to −25 °C and high ... -
Tanycytes from a bird’s eye view: gene expression profiling of the tanycytic region under different seasonal states in the Svalbard ptarmigan
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-20)In mammals and birds, tanycytes are known to regulate thyroid hormone conversion, and this process is central to the control of seasonal reproduction. In mammals, this cell type is also implicated in retinoic acid signalling, neurogenesis, and nutritional gatekeeping, all of which have been linked to hypothalamic regulation of energy metabolism. Less is known about these potential wider roles of ... -
Clocks at a snail pace: biological rhythms in terrestrial gastropods
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-29)Biological rhythms are ubiquitous across the tree of life. Organisms must allocate their activities into moments of the day and of the season that will increase their probability of surviving and reproducing, which is done in the form of daily and annual rhythms. So far, the vast majority of studies on biological rhythms have focused on classical laboratory model species. Still, the use of ...
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