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norskInstitutt for arktisk og marin biologi
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Seasonal changes of intertidal benthic microalgae photoacclimation during the summer to mid-winter transition period on Tromsøya
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)The microphytobenthos (MPB), defined as the microscopic photosynthesizers inhabiting sediments in marine and estuarine environments, are a vital component to intertidal ecosystems. They contribute greatly to ecosystem services in many ways and are responsible for a high amount of primary productivity in their environments. Microphytobenthic abundance and community structure studies have been increasing ... -
Phylogeography and gut content of Priapulus caudatus in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Priapulus caudatus is a marine worm in the phylum Priapulida, commonly known as penis worms. Since it was discovered, P. caudatus has had many names that are now considered synonyms. Fossils of Priapulida from the Cambrian period are found all over the world, and extant species show that there have been little changes in their morphology since the Palaeozoic. P. caudatus are found in clay/muddy ... -
Ageing and growth of the Arctic brittle star Ophiopleura borealis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and North East Greenland
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Species inhabiting cold-water environments exhibit typically slower growth and a longer lifespan than warm-water species, implying a slowed ability to recover from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Longevity estimates for species inhabiting the Arctic region are sparse, despite the ongoing changes and disturbances in the region. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) often dominate Arctic shelf ... -
Climate-driven redistribution of fish and reconfiguration of coastal food webs in Northern Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Rapid climate change at northern latitudes induces poleward redistributions of fish leading to reconfigurations in biodiversity and food webs. This thesis aims to broaden our understanding of the climate-driven biogeographical alterations in fish and the subsequent reorganization of food webs along the coast of Northern Norway. Documenting and understanding the ongoing, rapid ecological change in ... -
The impact of diet on egg, sperm, and larval quality in a spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor, Olafsen 1772) broodstock
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)The spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor, Olafsen 1772) has been considered as a highly attractive candidate for aquaculture since the 1990s. Low survival throughout the earliest life stages is, however, restraining the industry from reaching stable commercial levels. Broodstock diet is identified as a key factor for gamete quality. No species-specific broodstock diet has yet been developed for the ... -
The impact of spawning pink salmon (Onchorhynchus gorbuscha) on the water quality of northern Norwegian rivers
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-06-05)Since the 2017 invasion of pink salmon in northern Norwegian rivers, increasing populations of the odd-year stock have continued to return and are further expanding their range southwestwards. A relatively short time from its first invasion and the pink salmon's strictly 2-year life cycle, gives a unique opportunity to compare the pink salmon's effect on the riverine system, during a season with its ... -
Concentrations and patterns of organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs) in eggs of two Arctic seabird species and their relationship with eggshell thickness
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-16)Despite the remoteness of the Arctic, long-range transport of anthropogenic organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) has led to their detection at high concentrations in various Arctic animals for decades. Seabirds have been commonly used as biomonitors of OHCs, and the current study investigated the concentrations and patterns of organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs) in eggs of ... -
Mapping and assessing Eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution and growth parameters in two Ramsar-sites
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a keystone species in coastal ecosystems that provides several crucial ecosystem services such as, habitat formation, carbon sequestration, and coastal protection. This thesis aims to map and assess the distribution of eelgrass and the performance parameters, eelgrass coverage, epiphyte coverage, and shoot height at two Ramsar sites: Sørkjosleira, and Kobbevågen in ... -
Grazed vs the Ungrazed: Herbivory Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content and Chemical Defense
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Despite growing evidence of herbivory's influence on plant nutrient dynamics in the Arctic tundra, the short-term effects on leaf nutrient and phenolics contents across different tundra habitats and dominant plant species remain underexplored. This study enhances our understanding by analyzing the impacts of a 2-year herbivore exclusion (involving Svalbard reindeer and migratory geese) on ... -
Estimating effects of river runoff, predation, and fish carcasses on intertidal macrobenthic community and food-web structure in a sub-Arctic estuary
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Coastal benthic organisms play an essential role in many ecosystem functions, such as organic matter utilization and regeneration of nutrients. In northern Norway, coastal ecosystems experience snowmelt-induced increased river runoff in early summer, arrival of poleward migrating predators, and invasive pink salmon runs, potentially affecting macrobenthic communities and food-web structures. This ... -
Growth responses of seedlings along encroachment gradients of the allelopathic plant Empetrum nigrum
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Empetrum nigrum is a native evergreen shrub distributed in alpine and circumpolar areas that is currently encroaching into new habitats. This is an allelopathic plant that releases secondary metabolites, which has a negative impact on seed germination and seedling growth. The species has been recorded to expand in altitude and latitude parallel to a warmer climate and is encroaching into new habitats. ... -
Spatial segregation by sympatrically breeding Antarctic and Snow Petrels.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Sympatrically breeding species may face intense competition for resources, which can lead to various forms of segregation to mitigate competitive pressures. Segregation of space or habitats is one possible strategy, particularly when species share similar diets and foraging behaviors. This study examines the differences in space and habitat use between Antarctic and Snow Petrels (Thalassoica ... -
Motivations and Effects of Volunteer Divers Restoring Norwegian Kelp Forests
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)Kelp forests are in decline worldwide due to increasing anthropogenic pressures. Along the coastline of Northern Norway, spanning 15,000 kilometers, sea urchins have transformed the seabed from biodiverse kelp forests into barren grounds dominated by sea urchins. To address this issue, the initiative The Guardians of the Kelp engages volunteer divers in Northern Norway in monthly clearing events to ... -
Arctic Shrub Expansion: Implications for Stream Benthic Invertebrate Community Structure & Function
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)The Arctic is rapidly warming and this increase in temperature has been found to drive range expansion of tall shrubs in the Arctic tundra ecosystems. Although the consequences of shrub expansion have been studied in the terrestrial tundra, effects on tundra stream ecosystems remain understudied. Riparian tall shrubs, such as willows, can provide stream ecosystems with leaf litter and shade, enhancing ... -
Maturation patterns and genetic diversity of the spinytail skate Bathyraja spinicauda
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-14)With the expansion of fisheries into deeper waters and climate change, it is increasingly important to determine the status of the species affected by these changes. One of these species is the spinytail skate Bathyraja spinicauda, an understudied skate species with vulnerable life history traits such as slow maturation and a low number of offspring. To address the lack of basic knowledge about the ... -
Lost and Found: Reassessing Ringed Seal Abundance in a Key Fjord System in Svalbard After a 20-Year Hiatus
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-15)Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, Norway, are thought to be declining due to the impacts of climate change in the region, particularly due to a significant reduction in the extent of landfast sea ice that they rely on for breeding. The only available survey of ringed seals in Svalbard took place in 2002, so is now over twenty years old. Here, we address this data gap by conducting UAV aerial ... -
Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-17)Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5,6,7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize ... -
Life starts with plastic: High occurrence of plastic pieces in fledglings of northern fulmars
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-11)Plastic pollution threatens many organisms around the world. In particular, the northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis, is known to ingest high quantities of plastics. Since data are sparse in the Eurasian Arctic, we investigated plastic burdens in the stomachs of fulmar fledglings from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Fifteen birds were collected and only particles larger than 1 mm were extracted, characterised ... -
Rapid Ice‐Wedge Collapse and Permafrost Carbon Loss Triggered by Increased Snow Depth and Surface Runoff
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-16)Thicker snow cover in permafrost areas causes deeper active layers and thaw subsidence, which alter local hydrology and may amplify the loss of soil carbon. However, the potential for changes in snow cover and surface runoff to mobilize permafrost carbon remains poorly quantified. In this study, we show that a snow fence experiment on High‐Arctic Svalbard inadvertently led to surface subsidence ... -
Dechloranes and chlorinated paraffins in sediments and biota of two subarctic lakes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-16)Our understanding of the environmental behavior, bioaccumulation and concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and Dechloranes (Dec) in the Arctic environment is still limited, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. In this descriptive study, short chain (SCCPs) and medium chain (MCCPs) CPs, Dechlorane Plus (DP) and analogues, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in sediments, ...
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