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norskInstitutt for arktisk og marin biologi
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Transcriptomic profiling of gill biopsies to define predictive markers for seawater survival in farmed Atlantic salmon
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-16)Wild Atlantic salmon migrate to sea following completion of a developmental process known as parr-smolt transformation (PST), which establishes a seawater (SW) tolerant phenotype. Effective imitation of this aspect of anadromous life history is a crucial aspect of commercial salmon production, with current industry practice being marred by significant losses during transition from the freshwater ... -
Loss of pelagic fish and zooplankton density associated with subglacial upwelling in high Arctic estuaries may be mitigated by benthic habitat expansion following tidewater glacier retreat
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-23)Glacier fronts are hotspots of pelagic productivity due to upwelling of nutrient-rich water. As tidewater glaciers retreat into land, this subglacial circulation will disappear and sedimentation from terrestrial runoff will increase, leading to a decrease in pelagic productivity with a decline in the abundance of fish and zooplankton. We used Billefjorden, a high Arctic fjord with a glacier recently ... -
Bycatch of northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) in Norwegian longline fisheries: Assessing spatiotemporal variations in scale and risk to improve management
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-09)Seabirds are vulnerable to bycatch in longline fisheries but for most species the impacts are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, studies can estimate bycatch directly using observations or calculate the theoretical risk of bycatch using overlap indexes. Here we quantify the scale and risk of bycatch of northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) in the Norwegian offshore longline fishery using ... -
Taking the beat of the Arctic: are lemming population cycles changing due to winter climate?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-14)Reports of fading vole and lemming population cycles and persisting low populations in some parts of the Arctic have raised concerns about the spread of these fundamental changes to tundra food web dynamics. By compiling 24 unique time series of lemming population fluctuations across the circumpolar region, we show that virtually all populations displayed alternating periods of cyclic/non-cyclic ... -
Redescription of Proteocephalus fallax La Rue, 1911 (Cestoda) and a list of proteocephalid tapeworms of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-22)Tapeworms of the genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) are common and widespread intestinal parasites of whitefish (Coregonus spp., Salmonidae: Coregoninae). Previous taxonomic studies, based solely on morphology and inconsistently fixed specimens, concluded that all salmoniform fish, including whitefish, are parasitised by a single euryxenous and highly polymorphic ... -
Determination of zooplankton absorption spectra and their potential contribution to ocean color
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-29)Zooplankton are keystone organisms that provide a critical link between primary production and higher-order predators in the marine food web, as well as facilitating the sequestration of carbon within the ocean. In this context, there is considerable interest in the detection of zooplankton swarms from satellite ocean color signals. However, for this to be possible, accurate inherent optical ... -
Advancing hyperspectral imaging techniques for root systems: a new pipeline for macro- and microscale image acquisition and classification
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed; Doctoral thesis, 2024-11-11)Background Understanding the environmental impacts on root growth and root health is essential for effective agricultural and environmental management. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology provides a non-destructive method for detailed analysis and monitoring of plant tissues and organ development, but unfortunately examples for its application to root systems and the root-soil interface are ... -
Analysis of Bacterial Communities associated with the Tidal Zone Grass Puccinellia in Response to Diesel Spills
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)Contamination from petroleum products and hydrocarbons is one of the major sources of pollution worldwide. The use of plants or microbes to reduce pollution is called bioremediation and is a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to mechanical or chemical clean-up. A good understanding of native plants and microbes is required to implement bioremediation. In this study, the common and ... -
Physiological impact of waterborne crude oil exposure to reproducing polar cod (Boreogadus saida)
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)Climate change-driven sea ice decline is increasing access to Arctic oil reserves and shipping routes, raising the risk of oil spills. Harsh polar conditions of extreme cold, darkness, and unpredictable weather will exacerbate these risks. The polar cod (Boreogadus saida), a key species in the Arctic ecosystem, may be particularly affected. With its spawning window in January and February, an oil ... -
Studier av opptak av fiskepatogene bakterier i keratocytter fra laks og «Atlantic salmon kidney» (ASK) celler
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-12-01)Hudsår har blitt mer utbredt i norsk lakseoppdrett de senere år, hvor årsakene kan være flere og sammensatte. Vintersår regnes som en av de største helseutfordringene, der klassiske vintersår knyttes til bakterien Moritella viscosa. Hudsår hos oppdrettsfisk kan også skyldes sammensatt infeksjon med flere bakterier hvor bakteriene Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio salmonicida og Aeromonas salmonicida, som ... -
Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria flourish at dark water–ice interfaces of an emerged Arctic cold seep
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-12)Below their ice shells, icy moons may offer a source of chemical energy that could support microbial life in the absence of light. In the Arctic, past and present glacial retreat leads to isostatic uplift of sediments through which cold and methane-saturated groundwater travels. This fluid reaches the surface and freezes as hill-shaped icings during winter, producing dark ice–water interfaces above ... -
Genetics in the Ocean's Twilight Zone: Population Structure of the Glacier Lanternfish Across Its Distribution Range
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-06)The mesopelagic zone represents one of the few habitats that remains relatively untouched from anthropogenic activities. Among the many species inhabiting the north Atlantic mesopelagic zone, glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) is the most abundant and widely distributed. This species has been regarded as a potential target for a dedicated fishery despite the scarce knowledge of its population ... -
Environmental stressors and zoonoses in the Arctic: Learning from the past to prepare for the future
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-17)The risk of zoonotic disease transmission from animals to humans is elevated for people in close contact with domestic and wild animals. About three-quarters of all known human infectious diseases are zoonotic, and potential health impacts of these diseases are higher where infectious disease surveillance and access to health care and public health services are limited. This is especially the case ... -
Borealization impacts shelf ecosystems across the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-24)Climate change is rapidly modifying biodiversity across the Arctic, driving a shift from Arctic to more boreal ecosystem characteristics. This phenomenon, known as borealization, is mainly described for certain functional groups along sub-Arctic inflow shelves (Barents and Chukchi Seas). In this review, we evaluate the spatial extent of such alterations across the Arctic, as well as their effects ... -
Which ecological factors influence the level of intraspecific diversity within post-glacial fishes? A case study using Coregonus and Salvelinus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-05)1. While it is likely that ecological context is important, the factors that facilitate and maintain variable levels of intraspecific diversity in Salmonidae fishes across environments remain unclear.<p> <p>2. Using a meta-analysis of sympatric ecotype assemblages from two salmonid genera—Salvelinus and Coregonus—we evaluated the importance of ecological factors determining the number of sympatric ... -
Essential omega-3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-19)Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules ... -
Predicting trawl catches using environmental DNA
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-07)Quantifying the biomass, or number of individuals, diversity, and distribution of marine species is a critical aspect of understanding and managing marine ecosystems. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using environmental DNA (eDNA) for marine ecosystem management and biodiversity assessment. However, the main challenge hindering eDNA applicability has been the inability to infer ... -
Screening for viruses using unicellular eukaryotes as hosts
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-11-15)This master’s project delves into the microbial diversity of the Arctic region, with focus on the isolation and characterization of a yeast of the Cystobasidium genus and likely viruses capable of infecting it. The research also shows preliminary results pointing at the movement and chemotaxis capabilities of the yeast, presenting findings that have the potential to shape our understanding of microbial ... -
Ecosystem structure and function of the North Water Polynya
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-14)The North Water Polynya is one of the most productive Arctic regions on Earth, sustaining the world's northernmost Inuit communities for millennia. The polynya is a large and persistent region of open water surrounded by sea ice and exhibits high primary productivity, is a biodiversity hotspot, and is a key habitat and migration corridor for Arctic species. Many aspects of the ecosystem structure ... -
Characterization of Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Brain of the Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) Reveal Possible Biochemical Adaptation to Diving
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-29)Diving mammals are perpetually required to manage low-oxygen conditions throughout their lives. The mammalian brain is an organ particularly vulnerable to low oxygen levels due to its high energy demands, which require steady aerobic ATP production. The brain of the deep- diving hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) demonstrates remarkable tolerance to hypoxia. Studies suggest that this brain hypoxia ...
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