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norskInstitutt for arktisk og marin biologi
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Diminishing warming effects on plant phenology over time
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-05)<ul> <li>Plant phenology, the timing of recurrent biological events, shows key and complex response to climate warming, with consequences for ecosystem functions and services. A key challenge for predicting plant phenology under future climates is to determine whether the phenological changes will persist with more intensive and long-term warming.</li> <li>Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of ... -
Trail cameras can greatly inflate nestpredation rates
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-27)Photographic monitoring currently provides the most accurate means for identifying nest predators and eventually their role in bird population declines worldwide. However, previous studies have found that commercially available trail cameras represent an artificial structure that tend to negatively bias predation rates, likely through predator neophobia. Based on an experiment in Arctic tundra, ... -
Circulation and Hydrography in the Northwestern Barents Sea: Insights From Recent Observations and Historical Data (1950–2022)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-13)The Barents Sea is one of the main pathways for warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) entering the Arctic Ocean. It is an important region where water mass transformation and dense-water production contribute to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Here, we present data from three cruises and nine glider missions conducted between 2019 and 2022 in the northwestern Barents Sea, and compare ... -
Accuracy of serological tests for bovine brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-21)The direct methods for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis have several limitations, therefore serological tests are the basis for the diagnosis of the disease. However, a meta-analysis estimating the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) on the main tests used in bovine brucellosis control programs worldwide has not been performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed ... -
Households neighboring wildlife protected areas may be at a higher risk of rabies than those located further away: a community-based cross-sectional cohort study at Pian Upe game reserve, Bukedea district, Eastern Uganda
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-22)Introduction: This study examines rabies incidence and associated risk factors at the interface between wildlife and human communities near Pian-Upe game reserve in Eastern Uganda. We hypothesized that human settlements in closer proximity to the reserve would exhibit higher rabies risk compared to those located further away.<p> <p>Methods: Using a standard questionnaire, households within <4, ... -
Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) movement on the northern edge of range expansion [Insights from Accelerometery in Varangerhalvøya]
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are expanding into Arctic regions, altering predator-prey dynamics and intensifying competition with native species such as the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). This study examines the activity patterns of red foxes in Varanger, Norway, at the forefront of their Arctic range expansion, focusing on the effects of environmental factors (e.g., snow depth, temperature, precipitation) ... -
Status and spatial patterns of demersal marine fish communities in Northeast Greenland in the period 2002 – 2022
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)Tunup Avannaa Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitamiippoq nunarsuarmilu nuna eqqissisimatitaq anginerpaajuvoq avannarlersaallunilu. Inunnik tikinneqarsimanera annikilluinnarpoq, tamannalu pinngortitami pissutsinik allanngoriartornernik misissuiffigissallugu immikkut ittumik periarfissanik pilersitsivoq. Misissuinermi TUNU-programmimi umiarsuarni misissuiviusuni R/V Helmer Hanseni R/V Kronprins ... -
Flood Resilience in Pakistan Citizen Engagement, Government Initiatives, and Sustainable Development
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)This thesis analyses the impact of climate change, coupled with inadequate disaster management, on the rising frequency and severity of floods in Pakistan. The thesis focuses on the causes, socioeconomic impact, and government responses to floods by examining the interaction of natural and human elements. Due to the complexity of the research question, we have applied a multidisciplinary ... -
Estimating carrion biomass originating from Red deer Cervus elaphus and its ecological effect on vertebrate scavengers in Vestland county, Norway.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-14)Ungulates make up the majority of carrion in numerous terrestrial ecosystems. Humans have removed large carnivores from many ecosystems, and carcass waste from human hunting has taken over as the most important source of carrion. Understanding the availability of carrion is therefore crucial for comprehending its ecological impact, and my goal was to assess carrion availability in Vestland county ... -
Benthic Fauna on Ridges and Abyssal Plains in the Central Arctic Ocean: Baseline Data for Future Management
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-11-15)The benthos of the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) abyss is an underworld yet to be thoroughly and systematically understood. Although 50% of the Arctic is deep sea, most research has been focused on the continental shelves and the water column. This is largely because research in the CAO is challenging, especially due to the ocean being ice-covered. Yet, today, anthropogenic pressures on the CAO are ... -
Differences in Tri-Trophic Community Responses to Temperature-Dependent Vital Rates, Thermal Niche Mismatches and Temperature-Size Rule
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-02)Warming climate impacts aquatic ectotherms by changes in individual vital rates and declines in body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule (TSR), and indirectly through altered species interactions and environmental feedbacks. The relative importance of these effects in shaping community responses to environmental change is incompletely understood. We employ a tri-trophic food ... -
Growth and maturation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) at the northern limit of their distribution range (Lake Melville, Labrador): Support for the hypothesized temperature-size rule
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-06)Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), a small pelagic fish found throughout the northwest Atlantic Ocean, experienced a northward retreat of its distribution range over the 20th century and an overall decline in biomass in recent decades, both attributed to warming waters and habitat loss. In the Lake Melville estuary (Labrador, Canada), at the northern limit of its distribution range, smelt represents ... -
A food-web assessment model for marine mammals, fish, and fisheries in the Norwegian and Barents Seas
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-15)The Norwegian and Barents Seas host large commercial fish populations that interact with each other, as well as marine mammal populations that feed on plankton and fish. Quantifying the past dynamics of these interacting species, and of the associated fisheries in the Norwegian and Barents Sea is of high relevance to support ecosystem-based management. The purpose of this work is to develop a food-web ... -
Synergy and competition during the anaerobic degradation of N-acetylglucosamine in a methane-emitting, subarctic, pH-neutral fen
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-11)Peatlands are invaluable but threatened ecosystems that store huge amounts of organic carbon globally and emit the greenhouse gasses carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Trophic interactions of microbial groups essential for methanogenesis are poorly understood in such systems, despite their importance. Thus, the present study aimed at unraveling trophic interactions between ... -
Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in pastoralists and their livestock in Central Equatoria State, South Sudan
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-19)Background Brucellosis poses serious public health implications and substantial economic losses in pastoral rural settings in South Sudan. In humans, brucellosis is almost always originating from animals. Current literature provides scant data regarding the seroprevalence of brucellosis in South Sudan. This cross-sectional study investigates the seroprevalence of brucellosis among the pastoral ... -
Contrasting two major Arctic coastal polynyas: the role of sea ice in driving diel vertical migrations of zooplankton in the Laptev and Beaufort seas
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-17)The diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is one of the largest species migrations to occur globally and is a key driver of regional ecosystems and the marine carbon pump. Previously thought to be hampered by the extreme light regime prevailing in the Arctic Ocean, observations have revealed that DVM does occur in ice-covered Arctic waters and suggest the decline in Arctic sea ice may thereby ... -
Seasonal changes in the feeding aggregation structure of male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-25)The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is one of the most widely distributed cetaceans. Adult males commonly occupy high latitudes, whereas females and juveniles occupy lower latitudes. In Northern Norway, previous studies focused on the summer period limiting our understanding of the seasonal dynamics of male foraging aggregations. We used year-round capture–mark–recapture data based on photo ... -
Takvatnprosjektet – vellykket samarbeid mellom forskere og fiskeentusiaster
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024)Overbefolka fiskebestander er et stort problem i mange innsjøer, særlig for røye, ørret, abbor og sik. Kjennetegnet er småvokst og mager fisk, gjerne med høy infeksjon av parasitter. Som et potensielt botemiddel ble et storstilt uttynningsfiske med teiner iverksatt i Takvatn (15 km2), Troms, på 1980-tallet. I nært samarbeid mellom forskere, grunneiere og fiskere ble 700.000 smårøye (31.3 tonn) tatt ... -
Extreme mismatch between phytoplankton and grazers during Arctic spring blooms and consequences for the pelagic food-web
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-13)Food-web structure determines the cycling pathways and fate of new production in marine ecosystems. Herbivorous zooplankton populations are usually seasonally coupled with pelagic primary producers. Synchrony of phytoplankton blooms with reproduction, recruitment and seasonal ascent of their main grazers ensures efficient transfer of organic carbon to higher trophic levels, including commercially ... -
One organ to infect them all: the Cuscuta haustorium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-02)Background - Research on the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta has flourished since the genomes of several of its species were published. Most of the research revolves around the iconic infection organ that secures the parasite’s sustenance: the haustorium. Interest in understanding the structure–function–regulation relationship of the haustorium is based as much on the wish to find ways to keep the ...
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