One of the main challenges in conventional photoacoustic methods, is that thin biological samples typically have low optical absorption in the visible region. Therefore, it is often necessary to stain or label the sample with a color which provide sufficient absorption for the laser wavelength used in the scanning system. Unfortunately, the labeling often introduce unwanted properties to the biological ...

New empirical Kp-based models for the equatorward and poleward boundaries of the auroral oval in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres were developed, with the purpose of reviewing the auroral ovals predicted by well-established Feldstein auroral oval model. The new models were derived from particle and energy flux measurements from six low-altitude (800-900 km) POES/MetOp satellites. The equatorward ...

The mission Parker Solar Probe (PSP) provides a new opportunity to make in-situ measurements of dust impacts closer to the Sun than ever before, eventually going as close as ∼ 10 solar radii or ∼ 0.05 AU. PSP can measure dust impacts from monopole measurements of the spacecraft’s electric potential to one of its antennas using its FIELDS instrument. In this work impact rates data is compared ...

The world is changing towards using more renewable, rather than fossil energy sources in order to reach the 1.5 degrees celsius goal of the Paris agreement (Merchant, 2018). This thesis’ main focus is to investigate the solar irradiance in Tromsø using 2-axis tracking measurements from May 2020. The reduction of global irradiance and direct irradiance is also compared against the values of the other ...

Radar remote sensing is a key technology for monitoring sea ice. In this regard, passive microwave and Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) are the most important sensor types. This technology has been used for sea ice applications for four decades, but there are still many uncertainties related to sea ice monitoring by SAR. Some of these may be solved by multi-sensor observations, in which case other ...

Renewable means of energy production have recently become cost competitive with fossil fuels. However, before they can be completely phased out, the issue of storing renewable energy must be addressed. Two energy storage technologies that have gotten a lot of attention over the past years are lithium ion batteries and hydrogen energy storage. Each of these technologies have their advantages, ...

Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases is causing an unbalance in the Earth’s climate system, leading to global climate change. The implications of these changes are dramatic, with a need for a global-scale assessment. The remaining carbon budget (RCB) is a measure of the amount of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) that can be emitted if we are to reach a specific temperature target. Traditionally, carbon ...

We are changing the global climate by altering the Earths energy balance through the emission of greenhouse gasses. The international community aims to prevent dangerous warming with mitigative efforts. A remaining carbon budget (RCB) can roughly quantify an allowable amount of emissions for keeping the temperature below a set target. We have built a simple climate model using impulse response ...

The aim of this study is to investigate how sputtering by impacting solar wind particles influence the lifetime of dust particles in the inner heliosphere near the Sun.<p><p> We consider three typical dust materials: silicate, Fe_0.4Mg_0.6O and carbon and describe their sputtering yields based on atomic yields given by the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) package. ...

The machine-learning research community has focused greatly on bias in algorithms and have identified different manifestations of it. Bias in training samples is recognised as a potential source of prejudice in machine learning. It can be introduced by the human experts who define the training sets. As machine-learning techniques are being applied to auroral classification, it is important to identify ...