Protective relays are an integral part of the power grid, making it reliable and secure against abnormal conditions. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) can be employed to test and validate digital protective relay devices in the real-time simulation comprising hardware and software before actual implementation. However, the HIL technique requires a complex and high-cost technical environment consisting of ...

We report on 71 Norwegian freshmen engineering students' self-efficacy and motivation in mathematics. Students' responses to five-point Likert scales were analysed across three groups corresponding to different performance levels on a set of mathematical tasks. The groups were investigated to trace differences in self-efficacy, motivation, and the epistemological beliefs about the nature of mathematics. ...

In an earlier paper, an alternative method for how to solve the frequency analysis problem was offered. The object of the present paper is to bring about how to handle situations where the frequencies are close to each other or there is an amplitude that is really small.

Abstract. The sharp constants in Hardy type inequalities are known only in a few cases. In this paper we discuss some situations when such sharp constants are known, but also some new sharp constants are derived both in one-dimensional and multi-dimensional cases.

Generally, the current source inverter is considered more reliable than the voltage source inverter due to the presence of inductor as an energy storage element on the DC link, but a disruption in the inductor current could significantly risk its reliability. To guarantee the reliable operation of current source inverter, an overlap time must be added to the gate signals of its switches. This ensures ...

In the environmental field, the problems of vibration reduction have become a major preoccupation, particularly on the noise generated by the acoustic radiation pressure produced by wind turbines. This paper is aimed at presenting the investigation on the application of FEM element method for study the acoustic radiation pressure produced by vertical-axis wind turbine. For this initiative, we ...

This paper presents a numerical simulation of non-normal wind loads on a porous fence. It was found that non-normal wind load has significant impact on the performance of the fence in terms. The performance of the fence was measured as the effective fence zone behind the fence where flow characteristics and normal drag coefficients were maintained within safe level. It is recommended the incidental ...

This paper describes the numerical study of atmospheric ice accretion on rotating geometric cross sections, circular, hexagon and square , all having fins, to select an optimum geometric cross section for use as a rotating part of a newly- proposed designed icing sensor. Computational fluid dynamics-based numerical analyses were carried out in this research work to understand and analyse the ...

Numerical study of atmospheric ice accretion on two non-rotating circular cylinders in tandem arrangement was carried out at different operating and geometric conditions. To validate the numerical model, initially the results of ice accretion on single circular cylinder were compared with the experimental data obtained from CIGELE atmospheric icing research wind tunnel (CAIRWT) [1, 2]. A good agreement ...

This paper presents a numerical prediction on the assessment of natural ventilation on a livestock house built in porous panels, aided by Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. A typical climatic environment in Cold Regions was taken into consideration. The ventilation performances have been assessed by the distribution of indoor air velocity, turbulence intensity and local mean age of air through ...