God kontroll av reaktiv effekt er en helt nødvendig del av et velfungerende kraftsystem. Reaktiv effekt er funksjon av spenning og lastvinkel, men er i størst grad påvirket av spenningen under normale forhold. Det finnes mange forskjellige reaktive ressurser i kraftsystemet, og de har forskjellige egenskaper og karakteristikker. Statiske reaktive ressurser er kondensatorbatterier, reaktorer og ...

Voltage violations are the main problem faced in distribution networks (DN) with a higher penetration of inverter-based generations (IBG). Active and reactive power control from smart inverters (SI) can mitigate such violations. Optimal power flow (OPF)-based control provides more accurate operating set points for the coordinated operation of SIs. Therefore, this paper presents a three-phase OPF-based ...

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) has attracted attention for on-road electric vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles, and electric ships charging applications. High power transfer capability and high efficiency are the main requirements of a CPT system. This paper proposes three possible solutions to achieve maximum efficiency, maximum power, or conjugate-matching. Each solution expresses the ...

With the increased focus on sustainable development and circular economy, as never before, the value recovery and re-creation from the End-of-Use and End-of-Life products has been paid considerable attention by the whole society. Reverse logistics is believed as one of the most effective and promising means for the value recovery of the End-of-Use and End-of-Life products, which is the process for ...

Management of municipal solid waste has becoming an extremely important topic for any urban authorities in recent years due to the rapidly increasing solid waste quantity and potential environmental pollution. In this paper, a bi-objective dynamic linear programming model is developed for decision making and supporting in the long-term operation of municipal solid waste management system. The proposed ...

It is likely that the future availability of energy from fossil fuels, such as natural gas, will be influenced by how efficiently the associated CO2 emissions can be mitigated using carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). In turn, understanding how CCS affects the efficient recovery of energy from fossil fuel reserves in different parts of the world requires data on how the performance of each part ...

This article investigates tap water heating systems to highlight an ongoing debate. Some report that CO2-based transcritical heat pumps with an ejector have the best coefficient of performance (COP), while others report that blend-based refrigerant systems (without an ejector) are better. In the literature, however, these systems are only compared with conventional heat pump designs, and not against ...

The paper gives a rigorous description, based on mathematical homogenization theory, for flows of solvents with not charged solute particles under osmotic pressure for periodic porous media permeable for solute particles. The effective Darcy type equations for the flow under osmotic pressure distributed within the porous media are derived. The effective Darcy law contains an additional flux term ...

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving manufacturing technology bringing numerous and wide opportunities for the design team involved in the process by creating intricate and customized products with saving labor, time, and other expenses. Innovative AM methods and numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, medical, energy, and other industries have been developed and commercialized ...