Earth’s global surface temperature shows variability on an extended range of temporal scales and satisfies an emergent scaling symmetry. Recent studies indicate that scale invariance is not only a feature of the observed temperature fluctuations, but an inherent property of the temperature response to radiative forcing, and a principle that links the fast and slow climate responses. It provides a ...

Einstein–Weyl structures on a three-dimensional manifold <i>M</i> are given by a system <i>E</i> of PDEs on sections of a bundle over <i>M</i>. This system is invariant under the Lie pseudogroup <i>G</i> of local diffeomorphisms on <i>M</i>. Two Einstein–Weyl structures are locally equivalent if there exists a local diffeomorphism taking one to the other. Our goal is to describe the quotient equation ...

We consider symmetric (under the action of products of finite symmetric groups) real algebraic varieties and semi-algebraic sets, as well as symmetric complex varieties in affine and projective spaces, defined by polynomials of degrees bounded by a fixed constant <i>d</i>. We prove that if a Specht module, S^λ⁠, appears with positive multiplicity in the isotypic decomposition of the ...

The skill of the state-of-the-art climate field reconstruction technique BARCAST (Bayesian Algorithm for Reconstructing Climate Anomalies in Space and Time) to reconstruct temperature with pronounced long-range memory (LRM) characteristics is tested. A novel technique for generating fields of target data has been developed and is used to provide ensembles of LRM stochastic processes with a prescribed ...

<p>In this article, the first spatially resolved and millennium-length summer (June–August) temperature reconstruction over the Arctic and sub-Arctic domain (north of 60°N) is presented. It is based on a set of 44 annually dated temperature-sensitive proxy archives of various types from the revised PAGES2k database supplemented with six new recently updated proxy records. As a major advance, an ...

We give local descriptions of parabolic contact structures and show how their flat models yield explicit PDE having symmetry algebras isomorphic to all complex simple Lie algebras except <math><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi mathvariant="fraktur" is="true">sl</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">2</mn></mrow></msub></math>. This yields a remarkably uniform generalization of the Cartan–Engel ...

<i>Ingress</i>: Det Kayas identitet viser oss er for det første at for å redusere utslippene må vi gjøre noe med befolkningsveksten og/eller en eller flere av de tre intensitetene.

This NISK Journal volume 11 is the published proceedings of the papers presented at NISK 2018: the 11th Norwegian Information Security Conference 2018 held on September 18-20, 2018 in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The aim of the NISK conference series is to be the principal Norwegian research venue for presenting and discussing developments in the field of ICT security and privacy, and bringing together ...

<i>Introduction</i>: Scale invariance of natural variability of global surface temperatures is often interpreted as a signature of nonlinear dynamics. However, the observed scaling can be adequately explained by linear energy balance involving subsystems with different response times.

We show that for a real-analytic connected holomorphically nondegenerate 5-dimensional CR-hypersurface <i>M</i> and its symmetry algebra <i>s</i> one has either: (i) dim <i>s</i> = 15 and <i>M</i> is spherical (with Levi form of signature either (2,0), or (1,1), everywhere), or (ii) dim <i>s</i> ≤ 11 where dim <i>s</i> = 11 can only occur if on a dense open subset <i>M</i> is spherical with Levi ...