<i>Study design</i>: Crossover double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.<p> <p><i>Objectives</i>: Circadian oscillators are located both in the brain and in peripheral organs. Melatonin, the main brain-derived hormone governing circadian variations, is highly associated with daylight patterns. However, in subjects with tetraplegia the melatonin levels are blunted. Here we studied peripheral ...

<p><i>Background</i>: Few published breast cancer (BC) risk prediction models consider the heterogeneity of predictor variables between estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) tumors. Using data from two large cohorts, we examined whether modeling this heterogeneity could improve prediction.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We built two models, for ER+ (Model_ER+) and ER- tumors ...

This paper describes a framework for simulating household appliances in Simulink. Typical Norwegian household equipment have been analyzed based on their characteristic behavior, to establish the requirement for synthesizing and recreating their current waveform, harmonic currents and phase shift. Both detailed simulation of the current waveform and RMS currents for simulation over longer time periods ...

It is not clear to what extent starvation-induced autophagy affects the proteome on a global scale and whether it is selective. In this study, we report based on quantitative proteomics that cells during the first 4 h of acute starvation elicit lysosomal degradation of up to 2–3% of the proteome. The most significant changes are caused by an immediate autophagic response elicited by shortage of amino ...

To put recent climate change in perspective, it is necessary to extend the instrumental climate records with proxy data from paleoclimate archives. Arctic climate variability for the last 2 millennia has been investigated using statistical and signal analyses from three regionally averaged records from the North Atlantic, Siberia and Alaska based on many types of proxy data archived in the ...

The need for developing environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources is globally evident. This is due to two main reasons: Fossil fuels will continue to supply energy demands for only a few more decades and the amount of pollution generated due to fossil fuels is exceeding acceptable limits. One very promising clean energy converter is the fuel cell (FC). Fuel cells have the ability to ...

<i>Context</i>: Cassiopeia A is one of the best-studied supernova remnants. Its bright radio and X-ray emission is due to shocked ejecta. Cas A is rather unique in that the unshocked ejecta can also be studied: through emission in the infrared, the radio-active decay of ⁴⁴Ti, and the low-frequency free-free absorption caused by cold ionised gas, which is the topic of this paper.<p> ...

The oceans have become a juncture of great visions of blue growth as well as strong environmental concern. This paper discusses the essential role of the social sciences as the oceans increasingly emerge as a contested social arena. The marine social sciences have generated a vast knowledge about the development of fisheries and the implications of fisheries policies on coastal communities. We review ...

While single pollen records are widely used in reconstructing the environment for nearby prehistoric settlements, they are less helpful when addressing large‐scale issues of variation in human settlement patterns. In order to assess the impact of vegetation change on regional prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns in an ecotone sensitive area, we inferred the general change in main vegetation ...

Concerns about the veracity of psychological research have been growing. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across ...