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Homage to Hersteinsson and Macdonald: climate warming and resource subsidies cause red fox range expansion and Arctic fox decline
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-16)Climate change can have a marked effect on the distribution and abundance of some species, as well as their interspecific interactions. In 1992, before ecological effects of anthropogenic climate change had developed into a topical research field, Hersteinsson and Macdonald published a seminal paper hypothesizing that the northern distribution limit of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is determined ... -
On the polar edge: the status of the northern gannet (Morus bassanus) in the Barents Sea in 2015-2016.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-27)During its population recovery in the North Atlantic in the early 1900s, the northern gannet (Morus bassanus) established its first colony in Norway at Runde in 1946. Since the 1960s, gannets have established (and later abandoned) several small colonies in the north of the country. These colonies have been regularly monitored, and in 2015–16 ca. 3300 apparently occupied nests (AON) were counted ... -
Snowmobile impact on diurnal behaviour in the Arctic fox
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-16)As tourism increases globally, studies have documented impacts on wildlife from anthropogenic disturbances. In this observational experiment we aimed to investigate if snowmobile traffic affected the diurnal activity of Arctic fox in High Arctic Svalbard. We conducted the study in two areas in Svalbard, one control area with low snowmobile traffic and one experimental area with high snowmobile ... -
Ecosystem drivers of an Arctic fox population at the western fringe of the Eurasian Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-16)The distribution of traditional breeding dens on the Varanger Peninsula (70–71°N) in northernmost Fennoscandia indicates that this area once harboured a large Arctic fox population. Early 20th century naturalists regarded the coastal tundra of the Fennoscandian Low Arctic to be a stronghold for the species. At the start of our research in 2004, however, the local Arctic fox population was ... -
High-performing trauma teams: frequency of behavioral markers of a shared mental model displayed by team leaders and quality of medical performance
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-10)Background:<br>High quality team leadership is important for the outcome of medical emergencies. However, the behavioral marker of leadership are not well defined. The present study investigated frequency of behavioral markers of shared mental models (SMM) on quality of medical management.<br>Method:<br>Training video recordings of 27 trauma teams simulating emergencies were analyzed according to ... -
Effect and accuracy of emergency dispatch telephone guidance to bystanders in trauma: post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-07)Background:<br>Emergency medical communication centres (EMCCs) dispatch and allocate ambulance resources, and provide first-aid guidance to on-scene bystanders. We aimed to 1) evaluate whether dispatcher guidance improved bystander first aid in trauma, and 2) to evaluate whether dispatchers and on-scene emergency medical services (EMS) crews identified the same first aid measures as indicated.<br> ... -
Study-protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical and radiological results after three different posterior decompression techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis: the Spinal Stenosis Trial (SST) (part of the NORDSTEN Study)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-21)Background: <br> There are several posterior decompression techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). There is a trend towards performing less invasive surgical procedures, but no multicentre randomized controlled trials have evaluated the relative efficacy of these techniques at short and long-term. <br> Method/design: <br> A multicentre randomized controlled trial [the Spinal Stenosis Trial ... -
Sedimentology of the Lower Cretaceous at Kikutodden and Keilhaufjellet, southern Spitsbergen: implications for an onshore-offshore link
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-10)Detailed sedimentological investigations of the Lower Cretaceous succession of southernmost Spitsbergen indicate deposition during a long-term fall and rise in relative sea level. The Rurikfjellet Formation shows an overall regressive development and consists of offshore deposits grading upwards into progradationally stacked shoreface parasequences. The overlying Helvetiafjellet Formation shows a ... -
Co-expression of 1α-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptor in human articular chondrocytes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-06)Background: <br> The aim was to investigate whether resident chondrocytes in human articular cartilage and in subculture express vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzyme that hydroxylates the prohormone 25(OH)D3 to the active hormone 1α,25(OH)2D3, namely 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1). Any putative effects of vitamin D on chondrocytes were also explored. <br> Methods: <br> Cartilage from human osteoarthritic ... -
Do medical students and young physicians assess reliably their self-efficacy regarding communication skills? A prospective study from end of medical school until end of internship
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-30)Background: <br> This prospective study from end of medical school through internship investigates the course and possible change of self- reported self-efficacy in communication skills compared with observers’ ratings of such skills in consultations with simulated patients. <br> Methods: <br> Sixty-two medical students (43 females) from four Norwegian universities performed a videotaped consultation ... -
Hooded seal Cystophora cristata foraging areas in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean—Investigated using three complementary methods
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-06)Identifying environmental characteristics that define the ecological niche of a species is essential to understanding how changes in physical conditions might affect its distribution and other aspects of its ecology. The present study used satellite relay data loggers (SRDLs) to study habitat use by Northeast Atlantic hooded seals (N = 20; 9 adult females, 3 adult males, and 8 juveniles). Three ... -
Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness: The USE-IMT study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-21)Background:<br>The relation of a single risk factor with atherosclerosis is established. Clinically we know of risk factor clustering within individuals. Yet, studies into the magnitude of the relation of risk factor clusters with atherosclerosis are limited. Here, we assessed that relation.<br>Methods:<br>Individual participant data from 14 cohorts, involving 59,025 individuals were used in this ... -
Dynamical models of mutated chronic myelogenous leukemia cells for a postimatinib treatment scenario: Response to dasatinib or nilotinib therapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-05)Targeted inhibition of the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 fusion protein using the ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has become standard therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), with most patients reaching total and durable remission. However, a significant fraction of patients develop resistance, commonly due to mutated ABL1 kinase domains. This motivated development of second-generation drugs ... -
Future complications of chronic hepatitis C in a low-risk area: Projections from the hepatitis c study in Northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-16)<i>Background</i>: Hepatitis C (HCV) infection causes an asymptomatic chronic hepatitis in most affected individuals, which often remains undetected until cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications occur. Screening of high-risk subjects in Northern Norway has revealed a relatively low prevalence in the general population (0.24%). Despite this, late complications of HCV infection are increasing. ... -
Non-skeletal health effects of Vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-Analyses summarizing trial data
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-07)Background:<br>A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation.<br>Methods and findings:<br>We identified systematic reviews ... -
The association between anemia and falls in community-living women and men aged 65 years and older from the fifth Tromsø Study 2001-02: a replication study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-27)Background: <br> Falls are common among elderly people, and the risk increase with age. Falls are associated with both health and social consequences for the patient, and major societal costs. Identification of risk factors should be investigated to prevent falls. Previous studies have shown anemia to be associated with increased risk of falling, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of this ... -
Gene-centromere mapping in meiotic gynogenetic European seabass
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-07)Background: <br> Fully isogenic lines in fish can be developed using “mitotic” gynogenesis (suppression of first zygotic mitosis following inactivation of the sperm genome). However, genome-wide verification of the steps in this process has seldom been applied. We used ddRADseq to generate SNP markers in a meiotic gynogenetic family of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): (i) to verify the lack ... -
Associations of brain-natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive troponin T, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein with outcomes in severe aortic stenosis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-12)Objectives:<br>Among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), we investigated the associations of N–terminal pro–natriuretic peptide (NT–proBNP), high–sensitive troponin T (hsTnT), and high–sensitive C–reactive protein (hs–CRP) with 3–year mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during 1 year.<br>Methods:<br>This observational cohort study prospectively enrolled 442 patients with ... -
Bone mineral density is associated with Vitamin D related rs6013897 and estrogen receptor polymorphism rs4870044: The Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-02)Background:<br>Bone mineral density (BMD) is determined by bone remodeling processes regulated by endocrine, autocrine and genetic mechanisms. Thus, some studies have reported that BMD is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR), serum 25(OH)D levels and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), but without consensus. Therefore, we aimed to map and compare ... -
A nationwide survey of first aid training and encounters in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-02-23)Background: <br> Bystander first aid can improve survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or trauma. Thus, providing first aid education to laypersons may lead to better outcomes. In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of first aid training in the populace, how often first aid skills are needed, and selfreported helping behaviour. <br> Methods: <br> We ...
