Browsing Institutt for matematikk og statistikk by Title

Now showing items 171-190 of 389

    • Ice-albedo tipping points in a diffusive energy-balance model with land and ocean 

      Hilbertsen, Kristian Bergum (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-01-20)
      The ice-albedo feedback is associated with the nonlinearity in the climate system, due to the sudden change in albedo between ice-free and ice-covered surfaces. This nonlinearity can potentially cause abrupt and dramatic shifts in the climate, referred to as tipping points. It is also believed that this mechanism has contributed significantly to the precipitous losses of Arctic sea ice, which have ...

    • Identifying dietary patterns across age, educational level and physical activity level in a cross-sectional study: the Tromsø Study 2015 - 2016 

      Moe, Åse Mari; Sørbye, Sigrunn Holbek; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Løvsletten, Ola; Ytterstad, Elinor (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-15)
      <p><b>Background</b> A healthy diet can decrease the risk of several lifestyle diseases. From studying the health effects of single foods, research now focuses on examining complete diets and dietary patterns reflecting the combined intake of different foods. The main goals of the current study were to identify dietary patterns and then investigate how these differ in terms of sex, age, educational ...

    • Incorporating capture heterogeneity in the estimation of autoregressive coefficients of animal population dynamics using capture–recapture data 

      Nicolau, Pedro Guilherme; Sørbye, Sigrunn Holbek; Yoccoz, Nigel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)
      Population dynamic models combine density dependence and environmental effects. Ignoring sampling uncertainty might lead to biased estimation of the strength of density dependence. This is typically addressed using state‐space model approaches, which integrate sampling error and population process estimates. Such models seldom include an explicit link between the sampling procedures and the true ...

    • Individual-Based Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies 

      Skagseth, Håvard Mikal (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-06-01)
      COVID-19 is a respiratory disease with influenza-like symptoms originating from Wuhan, China, towards the end of 2019. There has been developed multiple vaccines to contain the virus and to protect the most vulnerable people in society. In this thesis we look at two different vaccination strategies to prevent most deaths and years of life lost. We conclude that the safest and most consistent strategy ...

    • Instance Segmentation of Microscopic Foraminifera 

      Johansen, Thomas Haugland; Sørensen, Steffen Aagaard; Møllersen, Kajsa; Godtliebsen, Gustav (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-16)
      Foraminifera are single-celled marine organisms that construct shells that remain as fossils in the marine sediments. Classifying and counting these fossils are important in paleo-oceanographic and -climatological research. However, the identification and counting process has been performed manually since the 1800s and is laborious and time-consuming. In this work, we present a deep learning-based ...

    • Institutt for matematiske realfag 1972-1992. IMR 20 år. Knutepunkter i instituttets historie og perspektiver på fag og fremtid 

      Jervell, Herman Ruge; Johnsen, Ben (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 1992)

    • Insulating the Vacuum. Calculating the Casimir force using the boundary integral method with von Neumann boundary conditions 

      Utheim, Marius (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-08-15)
      In 2012, a new method for calculating the Casimir force between compact objects was developed, expressing the force in terms of a boundary integral equation. The case of perfectly conducting objects with Dirichlet boundary conditions in two dimensions was treated by Isak Kilen. The method was later extended to three dimensions by Karl Øyvind Mikalsen. The contribution of this thesis will be to ...

    • Integrability via Geometry: Dispersionless Differential Equations in Three and Four Dimensions 

      Calderbank, David M. J.; Kruglikov, Boris (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-25)
      We prove that the existence of a dispersionless Lax pair with spectral parameter for a nondegenerate hyperbolic second order partial differential equation (PDE) is equivalent to the canonical conformal structure defined by the symbol being Einstein–Weyl on any solution in 3D, and self-dual on any solution in 4D. The first main ingredient in the proof is a characteristic property for dispersionless ...

    • Integrable Systems in Four Dimensions Associated with Six-Folds in Gr(4, 6) 

      Doubrov, Boris; Ferapontov, Evgeny V; Kruglikov, Boris; Novikov, Vladimir S (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018-01-29)
      Let Gr(d, n) be the Grassmannian of <i>d</i>-dimensional linear subspaces of an <i>n</i>-dimensional vector space <i>V</i>. A submanifold <i>X</i> ⊂ Gr(<i>d, n</i>) gives rise to a differential system Σ(X) that governs <i>d</i>-dimensional submanifolds of <i>V</i> whose Gaussian image is contained in <i>X</i>. We investigate a special case of this construction where <i>X</i> is a six-fold in Gr(4, ...

    • Inter-outbreak stability reflects the size of the susceptible pool and forecasts magnitudes of seasonal epidemics 

      Rypdal, Martin Wibe; Sugihara, George (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-30)
      For dengue fever and other seasonal epidemics we show how the stability of the preceding inter-outbreak period can predict subsequent total outbreak magnitude, and that a feasible stability metric can be computed from incidence data alone. As an observable of a dynamical system, incidence data contains information about the underlying mechanisms: climatic drivers, changing serotype pools, the ecology ...

    • Interplay between advective, diffusive and active barriers in (rotating) Rayleigh-Bénard flow 

      Aksamit, Nikolas Olson; Hartmann, Robert; Lohse, Detlef; Haller, George (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-22)
      Our understanding of the material organization of complex fluid flows has benefited recently from mathematical developments in the theory of objective coherent structures. These methods have provided a wealth of approaches that identify transport barriers in three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent flows. Specifically, theoretical advances have been incorporated into numerical algorithms that extract ...

    • Invariant characterization of Liouville metrics and polynomial integrals 

      Kruglikov, Boris (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-09-04)
      A criterion in terms of differential invariants for a metric on a surface to be Liouville is established. Moreover, in this paper we completely solve in invariant terms the local mobility problem of a 2D metric, considered by Darboux: How many quadratic in momenta integrals does the geodesic flow of a given metric possess? The method is also applied to recognition of other polynomial integrals ...

    • Invariants and submanifolds in almost complex geometry 

      Kruglikov, Boris (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2007-12-20)
      In this paper we describe the algebra of differential invariants for GL(n,C)-structures. This leads to classification of almost complex structures of general positions. The invariants are applied to the existence problem of higher-dimensional pseudoholomorphic submanifolds.

    • Invariants of pseudogroup actions: Homological methods and Finiteness theorem 

      Kruglikov, Boris; Lychagin, Valentin V. (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, 2005-12-07)
      We study the equivalence problem of submanifolds with respect to a transitive pseudogroup action. The corresponding differential invariants are determined via formal theory and lead to the notions of l-variants and l-covariants, even in the case of non-integrable pseudogroup. Their calculation is based on the cohomological machinery: We introduce a complex for covariants, define their cohomology ...

    • Involutivity of field equations 

      Kruglikov, Boris (Working paper; Arbeidsnotat, 2009-02-10)
      We prove involutivity of Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell equations by calculating the Spencer cohomology of these systems. Relation with Cartan method is traced in details. Basic implications through Cartan-Kähler theory are derived.

    • Is there a break in scaling on centennial time scales in Holocene temperature records? 

      Nilsen, Tine; Rypdal, Kristoffer; Fredriksen, Hege-Beate (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2017)

    • Jet-determination of symmetries of parabolic geometries 

      Kruglikov, Boris; The, Dennis (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-24)
      We establish 2-jet determinacy for the symmetry algebra of the underlying structure of any (complex or real) parabolic geometry. At non-flat points, we prove that the symmetry algebra is in fact 1-jet determined. Moreover, we prove 1-jet determinacy at any point for a variety of non-flat parabolic geometries—in particular torsion-free, parabolic contact, and several other classes.

    • Joint Invariants of Linear Symplectic Actions 

      Andreassen, Fredrik; Kruglikov, Boris (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-07)
      We review computations of joint invariants on a linear symplectic space, discuss variations for an extension of group and space and relate this to other equivalence problems and approaches, most importantly to differential invariants.

    • Joint Invariants of Symplectic and Contact Lie Algebra Actions 

      Andreassen, Fredrik (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-06-23)
      By restricting generating functions of infinitesimal symmetries of symplectic and contact vector spaces to quadratic forms, we obtain a finite-dimensional Lie subalgebra, consisting of vector fields isomorphic to the linear symplectic or conformal symplectic algebra. This allows us to look for joint invariants of the diagonal action of g on product manifolds. We find an explicit recipe for creating ...

    • Kausale design – Et gjennombrudd i samfunnsfagene eller keiserens nye klær? 

      Rypdal, Kristoffer (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-02-03)
      Statistiske metoder som regresjonsanalyse og kausale design basert på naturlige eksperi-menter har etter hvert blitt hyllevare innen de fleste fag som behandler store datamengder,ikke minst innen epidemiologi, meteorologi og klimavitenskap.1 Et eksempel er prinsipalkomponentanalyse (PCA), som brukes til å finne karakteristiske mønstre i geofysiske felt.Mønstrene, eller prinsipalkomponentene, ...