<i>Introduction</i>: Scale invariance of natural variability of global surface temperatures is often interpreted as a signature of nonlinear dynamics. However, the observed scaling can be adequately explained by linear energy balance involving subsystems with different response times.

Norway is one of the leading ocean-based food production nations. Its seafood industry comprises wild-capture fisheries and farmed fish production. Both industries play a provisional role but also contribute to economic development of the country and help sustain coastal communities, particularly, in Northern Norway. Coastal fishery has been the staple industry in Northern Norway for centuries, while ...

Einstein–Weyl geometry is a triple (D,g,ω) where D is a symmetric connection, [g] is a conformal structure and ω is a covector such that ∙ connection D preserves the conformal class [g], that is, Dg=ωg; ∙ trace-free part of the symmetrised Ricci tensor of D vanishes. Three-dimensional Einstein–Weyl structures naturally arise on solutions of second-order dispersionless integrable PDEs in 3D. In this ...

Students of physics in Norway typically spend a lot of time on mandatory problemsolving exercises that they must get a passing grade on to be allowed to take the exam. This is often a primarily summative assessment, which can limit the learning potential. <p> <p>In this contribution, we present an intervention in which traditional mandatory assignments are modified to put more emphasis on ...

For high accuracy applications of integral operators in higher dimensions the complexity of operation and storage usually grows exponentially with dimensions. One method that has proven successful for handling these difficulties are the separation of the integral kernels as linear combinations of products of one-dimensional kernels, commonly referred to as separation of variables. In this ...

We consider a q-analogue of abstract simplicial complexes, called q-complexes, and discuss the notion of shellability for such complexes. It is shown that q-complexes formed by independent subspaces of a q-matroid are shellable. Further, we explicitly determine the homology of q-complexes corresponding to uniform q-matroids. We also outline some partial results concerning the determination of homology ...

We first describe linear error-correcting codes, and show how many of their most important properties are determined by their associated matroids . We also introduce the simplicial complex of the independent sets of a matroid. We then proceed to study flags of linear codes, and recall the definition of demi-matroids, and how such demi-matroids associated to flags can describe important properties ...

Knowledge about frequency and location of snow avalanche activity is essential for forecasting and mapping of snow avalanche hazard. Traditional field monitoring of avalanche activity has limitations, especially when surveying large and remote areas. In recent years, avalanche detection in Sentinel-1 radar satellite imagery has been developed to improve monitoring. However, the current state-of-the-art ...

Classical assessments of trends in gridded temperature data perform independent evaluations across the grid, thus, ignoring spatial correlations in the trend estimates. In particular, this affects assessments of trend significance as evaluation of the collective significance of individual tests is commonly neglected. In this article we build a space–time hierarchical Bayesian model for temperature ...

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of plasma molecules with a large variety in composition. There is a wide specter in lipid content and the number of different proteins that has been associated with HDL is approaching 100. Given this heterogeneity and the fact that the total amount of HDL is inversely related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), there has been ...