Fjords in the Arctic are changing rapidly due to multiple factors including increasing air temperatures, the influx of Atlantic Water (Atlantification), sea-ice loss, retreat of tidewater glaciers, increased freshwater discharges, pollution and tourism. Understanding how these changes affect ecosystem processes and functions and, thus, services to society is critical. Net Ecosystem Metabolism (NEM) ...

Background - Incidence of premenopausal breast cancer (BC) has risen in recent years, though most existing BC prediction models are not generalizable to young women due to underrepresentation of this age group in model development.<p> <p>Methods - Using questionnaire-based data from 19 prospective studies harmonized within the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (PBCCG), representing ...

Oceanic methane seepage plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, yet reconstructing transient seepage variability remains challenging due to the complex interplay of environmental dynamics and biogeochemical processes. Here, we demonstrate that stable carbon isotopes from individual Miliolida foraminifera, particularly Pyrgo spp., offer a reliable high-resolution proxy for short-lived, ...

Objective - Attendance as well as re-attendance is important for an effective screening program for breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate re-attendance among women with a false positive versus negative screening result in BreastScreen Norway.<p> <p>Methods - The study sample included 3,990,388 screening examinations performed between 1996 and 2021 among women with an invitation to the subsequent ...

The Arctic Ocean is turning blue. Abrupt Arctic warming and amplification is driving rapid sea ice decline and irreversible deglaciation of Greenland. The already emerging, substantial consequences for the planet and society are intensifying and yet, model-based projections lack validatory consensus. To date, we cannot anticipate how a blue Arctic will respond to and amplify an increasingly warmer ...

Background - The association between different patterns of healthcare use and non-recovery in patients with spinal disorders is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between healthcare use and non-recovery 6 months after a specialist evaluation in Norwegian secondary care and whether non-recovery was linked to adherence to specialist-recommended care.<p> <p>Methods - This observational ...

The Multidisciplinary Observatory for Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition consisted of a year-long drifting survey of the Central Arctic Ocean. The ecosystems component of MOSAiC included the sampling of molecular data, with metagenomes collected from a diverse range of environments. The generation of metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) from metagenomes are a starting point for genome-resolved ...

Submarine groundwater discharge—the flow of groundwater into the ocean—plays an important role in shaping coastal biogeochemical cycles. The absence of temporal constraints on offshore groundwater dynamics driven by proximal glacial loading hinders our assessment of how its circulation may vary in conceivable ice-free polar regions. Here we estimate residence times of saline groundwater at an active ...

Uncertainty estimation is an important component in the safe deployment of deep learning (DL) models, particularly in high-stakes domain such as medical imaging. While DL models often achieve impressive predictive performance, they typically provide no indication of how reliable their outputs are. In this thesis, we investigate the use of test-time augmentation (TTA) to estimate predictive uncertainty ...

Introduction: Pediatric-onset spinal cord injuries (SCIs) significantly impact adolescents' psychosocial and physical developments, posing unique challenges during a critical period of identity formation and progression toward independence. Despite the rarity of pediatric SCIs, the need for understanding how adolescents adapt to their SCIs is crucial. Thus, the aims of this study were to examine and ...