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dc.contributor.advisorWassmann, Paul
dc.contributor.authorGrote, Ulrike
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-16T13:12:09Z
dc.date.available2017-03-16T13:12:09Z
dc.date.issued2017-03-21
dc.description.abstractClimate change is particularly pronounced in the Arctic and water temperatures are predicted to increase substantially. This has important implications for Arctic marine organism, especially ectotherms, such as copepods. The calanoid copepods Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus are key species of different pelagic food webs at high latitudes and changes in temperature will likely affect them differently, further affecting higher trophic level organisms feeding on Calanus spp. One objective of this thesis was therefore to investigate physiological processes affecting growth and reproduction, such as feeding, egestion, respiration, and egg production rates of especially C. glacialis in response to temperature (0 10 °C) and to discuss the potential metabolic balance. The other objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of increasing temperature on C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus populations using the SINMOD model. C. glacialis ingestion and egestion rates increased linearly with temperature in one experiment, while ingestion and respiration rates reached a thermal optimum at 2.5 °C and 6 °C, respectively, in another experiment, indicating plasticity in feeding responses, likely due to local adaptation. Comparing the Q10 values of ingestion, egestion and respiration rates of C. glacialis indicates that the physiological processes connected to metabolic losses (egestion, respiration) have a higher thermal sensitivity than the one connected to metabolic gains (feeding), resulting in relatively less energy being available for growth and reproduction at warmer temperatures. A direct comparison of carbon specific ingestion and respiration rates of C. glacialis indicates a metabolic mismatch at temperatures above 5-6 °C, potentially resulting in negative effects on growth and survival. At temperatures above 5 °C, egg production rates of C. glacialis decreased, indicating that metabolic balance was negatively affected by increasing temperature, while egg production rates of C. finmarchicus increased with temperature. The simulated response of Calanus spp. populations with increasing temperature suggests that C. finmarchicus biomass and net production will increase in the southern Barents Sea. C. glacialis biomass and net production will likely increase in the northern Barents Sea up to summer seawater temperatures of 5-6 °C. Further warming will reduce C. glacialis biomass and net production due to the observed metabolic mismatch negatively affecting growth. Changes in food availability due to nutrient limitation can have pronounced effects on population biomass and productivity as well, suppressing the potentially positive effects of initially increasing temperatures.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractSeawater temperatures are increasing in the Arctic due to climate warming. This will have implications for organisms that cannot regulate their body temperature, such as copepods. Copepods are able to store high amounts of energy in form of lipids, which makes them important prey items for many other animals. In this thesis, I investigated the effects of temperature on the feeding, egestion, respiration and egg production of two different copepods, Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus. While C. glacialis is common in Arctic shelf seas, C. finmarchicus is smaller and occurs mainly in the warmer North Atlantic. The results show that C. glacialis is much more sensitive to temperature. Modelling the effects of increasing temperature indicates that C. finmarchicus abundance will increase in the Barents Sea. C. glacialis abundance will increase until seawater temperatures reach 5-6 °C and decrease at higher temperatures, likely affecting organisms depending on energy rich food negatively.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis PhD was part of the project Arctic Tipping Points (ATP), funded by the Framework Program 7 of the European Union [contract no. 226248].en_US
dc.descriptionThe papers I, III and IV of this thesis are not available in Munin. <br> Paper I: Grote U., Pasternak A., Arashkevich E., Halvorsen E., Nikishina A.: "Thermal response of ingestion and egestion rates in the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis and possible metabolic consequences in a warming ocean". Available in <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1664-5> Polar Biology 2015, 38:1025-1033. </a> <br> Paper III: Pasternak, A.F., Arashkevich, E.G., Grote, U., Nikishina, A.B., Solovyev, K.A.: Different effects of increased water temperature on egg production of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Available in <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0001437013040085> Oceanology 2013, 53(5):547-553. </a> <br> Paper IV: Grote U., Eisenhauer L.: "Modelling population level responses of Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus under different climate warming regimes in the Barents Sea area". (Manuscript).en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8266-135-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10739
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2017 The Author(s)
dc.subject.courseIDDOKTOR-002
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Zoophysiology and comparative physiology: 483en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoofysiologi og komparativ fysiologi: 483en_US
dc.titleCalanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in a warming Arctic Implications of increasing temperature at the individual and population levelen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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