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dc.contributor.authorVihtakari, Mikko
dc.contributor.authorHavenhand, Jon
dc.contributor.authorRenaud, Paul
dc.contributor.authorHendriks, Iris E.
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-20T13:18:16Z
dc.date.available2017-03-20T13:18:16Z
dc.date.issued2016-04-29
dc.description.abstractPopulation responses to marine climate change are determined by the strength of the selection pressure imposed by changing climate, the genetic variability within the population (i.e., among individuals), and phenotypic plasticity within individuals. Marine climate change research has focused primarily on population-level responses, yet it is at the level of the individual that natural selection operates. We studied individual-level responses of two bivalve species to ocean acidification (OA) at the earliest stage of the life-cycle. We measured sperm activity (swimming speed and percent motility) in the Boreal/Arctic Macoma calcarea and the temperate Mytilus galloprovincialis in response to two pCO2 levels (380 and 1000 ppm) at the ambient temperature at the collection site, i.e., 2 and 16°C, respectively. We also assessed sperm longevity under control conditions. Treatment effects on fertilization success were estimated using fertilization models. At the population level, simulated OA reduced M. galloprovincialis sperm swimming speed by 30%, percent motility by 44%, and fertilization success by 43%, whereas only sperm swimming speed was significantly affected in M. calcarea. Both species showed substantial variability among individuals in response to increased pCO2. This variability was greatest in M. galloprovincialis ranging from non-significant effect to more than 73% reduction in fertilization success in response to OA, whereas M. calcarea responses varied from 8% increase in percent sperm motility to 26% reduction in swimming speed. Further, modeled fertilization success was negatively affected by simulated OA in 10 of 13 studied M. galloprovincialis males and in three of 10 M. calcarea males. We observed sperm longevities (82 h for M. calcarea and 25 h for M. galloprovincialis on average) far longer than the expected time-frame for efficient fertilization accounting for dilution of gametes. Assuming sperm activity is a heritable trait, natural selection might be a possible way for the studied populations to adapt to near-future OA.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was financed through the EU 7th Framework Program project Arctic Tipping Points (contract number FP7-ENV-2009-226248; http://www.eu-atp.org; PER IEH), the Fram Centre Ocean Acidification Flagship (PER), and partly by a Linnaeus-grant from the Swedish Research Councils VR and Formas (JNH) of the Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (http://www.cemeb.science.gu.se).en_US
dc.descriptionSource: <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00051>doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00051</a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationVihtakari, M. et al. (2016). Variable Individual- and Population-Level Responses to Ocean Acidification. Front. Mar.Sci.3:51. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00051en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1446980
dc.identifier.issn2296-7745
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10783
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.relation.journalFrontiers in Marine Science
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EU/FP7/226248/EU/Arctic Tipping Points/ATPen_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497en_US
dc.titleVariable individual- and population- level responses to ocean acidificationen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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