The main focus of this thesis is the legal framework governing the issue of migrant smuggling across the Mediterranean Sea. The objective of the thesis is to determine what States are obliged to do or refrain from doing when dealing with the issue of migrant smuggling across the Mediterranean Sea. In order to achieve that objective the thesis analyzes the relevant rules stemming from various sources ...

Within the context of the broader historical background of the region and the theoretical framework on security, socio-cultural diversity and political tolerance this particular research deals with the effects of socio-economic structure on tolerance and combat propensity. “Socio-Economic Influences on the Active Combat Participants in Kosovo” illustrates how and to what extent socio-economic status ...

This study seeks to explore an understanding into the multi-actor resilient approach that was adapted as a response to the conflict-induced displacement situation that occurred in the West-Guji and Gedeo Zones of Ethiopia 2018. The study draws on semi-structured interviews, observations and some reports and proposals from aid workers, displaced people or returnees, government officials ...

This paper looks into the reasons for the Nepali Maoists’ decision to join the peace process. Nepal, a country of 27 million inhabitants and squeezed in between India and China, was engulfed in a civil war between 1996 and 2006, that cost the lives of over 13000 people. In 2005 King Gyanendra assumed full power in a coup, and vowed to restore peace. The response was an alliance between the Maoists ...

Foreign aid in war-torn societies is often significant for peace building after an early phase of urgent humanitarian military intervention. Numerous development organizations have been contributing to rebuild war-torn societies. The Kingdom of Cambodia is one of those countries which has been receiving a large number of development assistance since the end of the civil war and tragic genocide, which ...

In April of 2018 violent conflict broke out between the Guji and Gedeo ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia, after 20 years of apparent stability. It is well established that many conflicts recur over time. This study aims to better understand why the Guji and Gedeo ethnic groups got into violent conflict again in 2018, after 20 years of relative stability. The key objectives are to shed light on what ...

Norway has sought a balancing strategy towards Russia since joining NATO in 1949. Deterring measures through NATO has been followed by assuring measures to ease tensions between both Norway and Russia, and NATO and Russia. During Russian aggression, most notably the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Norway sought greater integration with NATO, and has shifted towards a greater focus on measures of ...

In this thesis the relationship between corporations and their host communities through CSR programs has been the main focus. First it is stated that companies have been contributing to conflicts such as human rights abuses and ecological damage, through their main focus on profit and increasing shareholder value. Many of the business operations and direct foreign investments worldwide take place ...

The introduction of bulk interception (in Norwegian: “tilrettelagt innhenting”) into the Norwegian intelligence service’s toolbox represents both a continuation of the long-standing security-liberty debate, and a significant development in Norwegian security policy. This development puts Norwegian democracy in a new and difficult situation to navigate, in order to achieve a proper balance of ...

The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) originated from the Lomé Peace Agreement, signed on 7 July 1999. The agreement provided for a cessation of hostilities and the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of combatants. The TRC was a vital part of a strategy for making the country’s fragile peace permanent. Since the Lomé Accord gave all combatants in Sierra Leone's ...