The impact of climate change on surface ozone over Europe was studied using four offline regional chemistry transport models (CTMs) and one online regional integrated climate-chemistry model (CCM), driven by the same global projection of future climate under the SRES A1B scenario. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors from RCP4.5 for year 2000 were used for simulations of both present and ...

Spot 42 was discovered in Escherichia coli nearly 40 years ago as an abundant, small and unstable RNA. Its biological role has remained obscure until recently, and is today implicated in having broader roles in the central and secondary metabolism. Spot 42 is encoded by the spf gene. The gene is ubiquitous in the Vibrionaceae family of gamma-proteobacteria. One member of this family, Aliivibrio ...

The molecule of the title compound, C16H21BO2, comprises a chiral fused tricyclic system containing five-membered (1,3,2-dioxaborolane), six-membered (cyclohexane) and four-membered (cyclobutane) rings. The 1,3,2-dioxaborolane ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.035 Å), and the syn H and Me substituents at this ring are in an eclipsed conformation. The cyclohexane and cyclobutane rings adopt ...

With its ability to show the interactions between drug-target proteins and small-molecule ligands, X-ray crystallography is an essential tool in drug-discovery programmes. However, its usefulness can be limited by crystallization artifacts or by the data resolution, and in particular when assumptions of unimodal binding (and isotropic motion) do not apply. Discrepancies between the modelled crystal ...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes the oxidative NAD(P)+ -dependent decarboxylation of isocitrate into a-ketoglutarate and CO2 and is present in organisms spanning the biological range of temperature. We have solved two crystal structures of the thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum IDH (CtIDH), a native open apo CtIDH to 2.35 Å and a quaternary complex of CtIDH with NADP+ , isocitrate and ...

We demonstrate that the recently developed extended multi-state complete active space second-order perturbation theory (XMS-CASPT2) [Shiozaki et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2011, 135, 081106] provides qualitatively correct potential energy surfaces for low-lying excited singlet states of pyrazine, while the potential energy surfaces of the standard MS-CASPT2 methods are ill-behaved near the crossing ...

By analyzing a set of organic π radicals, we demonstrate that zero-point vibrational corrections give significant contributions to carbon hyperfine coupling constants, in one case even inducing a sign reversal for the coupling constant. We discuss the implications of these findings for the computational analysis of electron paramagnetic spectra based on hyperfine coupling constants evaluated at the ...

The six lowest lying electronic singlet states of 8-(pyrimidine-2-yl)quinolin-ol and 2-(4-nitropyrimidine-2- yl)ethenol have been studied theoretically using the complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) and Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) methods. Both molecules can be viewed as consisting of a frame and a crane component. As a possible mechanism for the excited-state ...

Phenylalanine hydroxylase from Legionella pneumophila (lpPAH) has a major functional role in the synthesis of the pigment pyomelanin, which is a potential virulence factor. We present here the crystal structure of lpPAH, which is a dimeric enzyme that shows high thermostability, with a midpoint denat- uration temperature of 79 ◦C, and low substrate affinity. The structure revealed a dimerization ...

Metaheuristics are probabilistic optimization algorithms which are applicable to a wide range of optimization problems. Bio-inspired, also called nature-inspired, optimization algorithms are the most widely-known metaheuristics. The general scheme of bio-inspired algorithms consists in an initial stage of randomly generated solutions which evolve through search operations, for several generations, ...