Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities
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https://hdl.handle.net/10037/22968Date
2020-06-05Type
Journal articleTidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed
Author
Kankaanpää, Tuomas; Vesterinen, Eero; Hardwick, Bess; Schmidt, Niels M.; Andersson, Tommi; Aspholm, Paul E.; Barrio, Isabel C.; Beckers, Niklas; Bêty, Joël; Birkemoe, Tone; DeSiervo, Melissa; Drotos, Katherine H.I.; Ehrich, Dorothee; Gilg, Olivier; Gilg, Vladimir; Hein, Nils; Høye, Toke T.; Jakobsen, Kristian M.; Jodouin, Camille; Jorna, Jesse; Kozlov, Mikhail V.; Kresse, Jean-Claude; Leandri-Breton, Don-Jean; Lecomte, Nicolas; Loonen, Maarten; Marr, Philipp; Monckton, Spencer K.; Olsen, Maia; Otis, Josée-Anne; Pyle, Michelle; Roos, Ruben Erik; Raundrup, Katrine; Rozhkova, Daria; Sabard, Brigitte; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalia; Solecki, Anna M.; Urbanowicz, Christine; Villeneuve, Catherine; Vyguzova, Evgenya; Zverev, Vitali; Roslin, TomasAbstract
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming
twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities
across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands,
and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter,
we expect idiobionts—as being less fine-tuned to host development—to be generally
less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we
assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a
22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced
a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The
rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory,
suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures,
coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results
suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to
increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic
and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure
and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic
sampling effort.
Publisher
WileyCitation
Kankaanpää, Vesterinen E, Hardwick B, Schmidt NM, Andersson T, Aspholm PE, Barrio IC, Beckers, Bêty J, Birkemoe T, DeSiervo, Drotos, Ehrich D, Gilg O, Gilg, Hein N, Høye TT, Jakobsen, Jodouin, Jorna, Kozlov MV, Kresse, Leandri-Breton, Lecomte N, Loonen M, Marr, Monckton, Olsen, Otis, Pyle, Roos RE, Raundrup K, Rozhkova, Sabard B, Sokolov A, Sokolova N, Solecki, Urbanowicz C, Villeneuve, Vyguzova, Zverev V, Roslin T. Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities. Global Change Biology. 2020;26(11):6276-6295Metadata
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