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The Role of Ballasting, Seawater Viscosity and Oxygen-Dependent Remineralization for Export and Transfer Efficiencies in the Global Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-05-05)The particulate organic carbon (POC) flux from the euphotic zone to the deep ocean is central to the biological carbon pump. It is typically evaluated using “export efficiency” and “transfer efficiency,” which reflect POC formation and sinking and carbon sequestration efficiency in the ocean's interior, respectively. Since observations of these metrics are limited, biogeochemical models can elucidate ... -
Southern Ocean Carbon Export Revealed by Backscatter and Oxygen Measurements From BGC-Argo Floats
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-28)The Southern Ocean (south of 30°S) contributes significantly to global ocean carbon uptake through the solubility, physical and biological pumps. Many studies have estimated carbon export to the deep ocean, but very few have attempted a basin-scale perspective, or accounted for the sea-ice zone (SIZ). In this study, we use an extensive array of BGC-Argo floats to improve previous estimates of carbon ... -
Arctic fjord ecosystem adaptation to cryosphere meltdown over the past 14,000 years
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-25)The Arctic cryosphere is the epicentre of acute global change impact, with abrupt warming and amplification driving rapid sea ice decline and irreversible glacial ice loss. A key challenge is understanding how the cryosphere meltdown will impact Arctic marine carbon cycles and ecosystems. Here, we use organic geochemical biomarkers to trace the contribution of different planktonic groups to organic ... -
A constellation of mud volcanoes originated from a buried Arctic mega-slide, Southwestern Barents Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-30)Global estimates on the number of submarine mud volcanoes are highly uncertain, as well as their role in the deep-sea biosphere and methane budgets. Here, we report the discovery of ten Arctic mud volcanoes in the Barents Sea (440–480 m depth), where only two had been previously known. The new mud volcanoes form flat-topped mounds on the seafloor and are connected to seismic chimneys rooted within ... -
Glacier releases of heavy metals in Kongsfjorden: What are the ecosystem impacts?
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2025-01)While climate change is of global concern, its impacts are especially rapid and pronounced in Arctic ecosystems. Arctic glaciers have been particularly impacted, with increasing melt and retreat in conjunction with shifts in riverine freshwater and sediment discharge. Arctic fjords are the ultimate recipients of glacial discharge and a plethora of heavy metals released from glacial environments. ... -
Geology of Svalbard: Deep-time and Deep-Earth (SVALGEOL)
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2025-01-20)Geology is omnipresent in Svalbard, defining among other parameters the location of all major settlements. The SVALGEOL chapter provides an overview of the geology of Svalbard, and how it influences local and global society. We briefly describe the history of geological exploration and mapping of Svalbard, before outlining the various data sets geoscientists use in their work. We then focus on two ... -
Insights into silicon cycling from ice sheet to coastal ocean from isotope geochemistry
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-19)The polar regions are biologically productive and play a critical role in regional and global biogeochemical cycling. A key nutrient is dissolved silicon, required for the growth of siliceous phytoplankton, diatoms, which form an important component of polar ecosystems. Glacial weathering is thought to be an important dissolved silicon source to coastal waters, especially critical in regions ... -
Methane in Svalbard (SvalGaSess)
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2025-01-20)Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas whose emission into the atmosphere from Arctic environments is increasing in response to climate change. At present, the increase in atmospheric methane concentrations recorded at Ny-Ålesund and globally threatens the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees, preferably 1.5 degrees, by increasing the need for abatements. However, our understanding ... -
The Atlantification process in Svalbard: a broad view from the SIOS Marine Infrastructure network (ARiS)
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2025-01-20)Arctic marine systems are vital to the Earth’s ecological and climatic balance and harbour a unique biodiversity adapted to extreme conditions. However, they are under unprecedented threat from climate change, in particular from “Atlantification”, i.e., the loss of sea ice and the increasing influence of Atlantic Water (AW) in this region. Long-term observatories are crucial to detect even small ... -
Changes in Planktic Foraminiferal Distribution, Productivity, and Preservation in the Barents Sea During the Last Three Millennia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-15)Planktic foraminifers are ubiquitous marine calcifiers sensitive to ocean biogeochemical and physical changes. Their fossil remains have thus been widely used for the reconstruction of past oceanographic and climatic changes. Here, we have investigated the distribution patterns of planktic foraminiferal species, their abundance, shell size, and preservation state in two sediment cores from the ... -
Observation-Based Estimate of Net Community Production in Antarctic Sea Ice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-01)Antarctic sea ice is one of the largest biomes on Earth providing a critical habitat for ice algae. Measurements of primary production in Antarctic sea ice remain scarce and an observation‐based estimate of primary production has not been revisited in over 30 years. We fill this knowledge gap by presenting a newly compiled circumpolar data set of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from 362 ... -
Correlating organic carbon burial with regional climate variability: the past two centuries tale from Sermilik fjord, Southeast Greenland
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2025-02-28)As the Arctic undergoes ‘Atlantification’ and warms at a faster rate than lower latitudes, dramatic physical and biological changes are occurring in the ocean, atmosphere and cryosphere systems. This project focusses on fjord environments connected to the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has recently experienced a significant and rapid loss of ice attributed primarily to changes in the surface mass balance ... -
Investigating Carbon, Nutrient and Methane Dynamics in Proglacial Lakes: Study Design and Objectives for the Southwestern Greenland Campaign
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2025-02-28)Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is increasingly recognized to be emitted from newly deglaciated environments, particularly in the Arctic, yet due to data scarcity these sources remain underrepresented in global methane budgets. Deglaciation leads to the expansion of proglacial terrains, driving the formation of an increasing number of proglacial lakes worldwide, especially in Greenland. Small to ... -
Constraining the Gas Hydrates Stability Zone beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 40 Ma to the year 3000
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2025-02-28)The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is one of the climate tipping elements on Earth and the largest potential contributor to sea level rise. While the consequences of ice sheet collapse on oceanic and atmospheric changes are well documented, its impact on the global carbon cycle remains critically ignored in the current global carbon budget. This is particularly important because the Antarctic Sedimentary ... -
Diatom distribution and long-term survival in a heavily polluted sediment core from the Bay of Bagnoli (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-01-18)Diatom resting stages can remain viable in sediments for decades and germinate when exposed to suitable environmental conditions, inoculating the water column and the surface sediments with new populations of cells. Classical methods, based on acid-cleaning of diatom frustules in sediment samples, do not discriminate between living and dead cells and may destroy the more fragile taxa. We used a ... -
Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of fjord sediments in Arctic Svalbard: insights into Holocene glacial activity and weathering variability
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-03-18)The Svalbard archipelago at the border of the Arctic Ocean experiences substantial glacier retreat due to global warming, resulting in a retreat of glacier termini from the marine to terrestrial settings. However, the impact of these transitions on marine environments remains poorly understood. To improve our understanding of how Arctic Svalbard responds to fluctuations in climate and glaciers, we ... -
Cold Seeps and Coral Reefs in Northern Norway: Carbon Cycling in Marine Ecosystems With Coexisting Features
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-03-20)Cold seeps and cold-water corals (CWCs) coexist on Northern Norway's continental shelf at the Hola trough between Lofoten and Vesterålen. Here, cold seeps release methane from the seabed, yet none reaches the sea surface. Instead, the methane dissolves and disperses in the ocean where it is ultimately consumed by methane-oxidizing microorganisms. These microorganisms metabolize methane and release ... -
Miocene ice sheet dynamics and sediment deposition in the central Ross Sea, Antarctica
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-09)Drill cores from the Antarctic continental shelf are essential for directly constraining changes in past Antarctic Ice Sheet extent. Here, we provide a sedimentary facies analysis of drill cores from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1521 in the Ross Sea, which reveals a unique, detailed snapshot of Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution between ca. 18 Ma and 13 Ma. We identify distinct ... -
Grain-scale feedback between deformation mechanisms and metamorphic reactions: Dissolution-precipitation processes in the lower crust (Kågen gabbros)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-03-02)Strain localization within crustal shear zones involves intricate feedback between deformation mechanisms, metamorphic reactions and fluid circulation. Despite evidence that these high-deformation zones proceed at least partly through dissolution-precipitation creep, available creep laws so far only account for dislocation creep and/ or solid-state diffusion processes. Deciphering the role and ... -
Snow Mass Recharge of the Greenland Ice Sheet Fueled by Intense Atmospheric River
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-03-03)Atmospheric rivers (ARs) have been linked with extreme rainfall and melt events across the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), accelerating its mass loss. However, the impact of AR-fueled snowfall has received less attention, partly due to limited empirical evidence. Here, we relate new firn core stratigraphy and isotopic analyses with glacio-meteorological data sets from SE Greenland to examine an intense ...
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