Deep Learning in modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed unprecedented success on a variety of domains over the past decade, ranging from computer vision to natural language reasoning tasks. This success is owed primarily to the availability of large, annotated datasets, the existence of powerful mathematical models, and the mechanism to train large models on such data with advanced resources ...

<p><i>Research questions</i> The primary objective of this doctoral dissertation is an explorative investigation into the social network dynamics within eight high schools, located in Tromsø and Balsfjord (North Norway), and the extent to which these dynamics contribute to the overall health and well-being of the students, such as in the context of infectious disease spread and the transmission of ...

<p>Radicals are reactive species that possess a unique reactivity, which enables them to form unusual bonds unreachable by ionic chemistry. In the last twenty years, radical chemistry has benefited from a renewed interest due to the emergence of methods that can initiate radical reactions under mild conditions. Among those, visible light-mediated radical chemistry has become established as a powerful ...

It is apparent from remote observations that the density of interplanetary dust is the highest in the near-solar region. Yet, there were little in-situ data available from measurements from within 1 AU before Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) missions. They both venture close to the Sun on elliptical orbits, and they are equipped with electrical antennas capable of dust detection, ...

<p>Algebraic geometry studies the set of common zeros of a system of polynomials in one or several variables - most commonly over algebraically closed fields. Real algebraic geometry studies sets defined by a finite system of polynomial inequalities. <p>A starting point for modern real algebraic geometry can be traced back to Hilbert: In 1888, Hilbert showed the existence of nonnegative polynomials ...

The accurate detection and mapping of icebergs in the Arctic is important for the safety of maritime traffic and offshore infrastructure and for monitoring the health of marine-terminating glaciers. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from satellites have proven to be a useful tool for Arctic monitoring, and C-band SAR images are currently used for operational iceberg monitoring in selected ...

<p>Since the discovery of antimicrobial agents and the extensive use in infection treatment and prevention, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a rapidly increasing problem. The World health organisation (WHO) surveys a wide range of human pathogens, including several multi-resistant pathogens causing infections with high morbidity and mortality. Emphasising the urgency of new treatment ...

Patient-generated health data (PGHD) is required to monitor chronic conditions like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This data includes information from medical devices like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors and lifestyle insights from commercial wearables devices such as smartwatches. To improve the quality of medical consultations, we need a unified information system that can integrate ...

<p>The field of artificial intelligence recently witnessed remarkable growth, leading to the development of complex deep learning models that perform exceptionally across various domains. However, these developments bring forth critical issues. Deep learning models are vulnerable to inheriting and potentially exacerbating biases present in their training data. Moreover, the complexity of these models ...

<p>Extremophiles, especially those living in high-temperature environments, exhibit unique enzymatic mechanisms that allow survival under conditions detrimental to most life forms. Of particular interest is thermophiles, which are able to thrive at temperatures at which psychrophiles and mesophiles unfold and cease to function. The mechanisms by which these enzymes are able to overcome this temperature ...