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dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, David Roddan
dc.contributor.authorMoreira Fragoso, Glaucia
dc.contributor.authorMajaneva, Sanna Kristiina
dc.contributor.authorDallolio, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorHalvorsen, Daniel Ørnes
dc.contributor.authorHasler, Oliver Kevin
dc.contributor.authorOudijk, Adriënne Esmeralda
dc.contributor.authorLanger, Dennis David
dc.contributor.authorJohansen, Tor Arne
dc.contributor.authorJohnsen, Geir
dc.contributor.authorStahl, Annette
dc.contributor.authorLudvigsen, Martin
dc.contributor.authorGarrett, Joseph Landon
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-17T11:42:22Z
dc.date.available2023-02-17T11:42:22Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-19
dc.description.abstractClimate change, and other human-induced impacts, are severely increasing the intensity and occurrences of algal blooms in coastal regions (IPCC, 2022). Ocean warming, marine heatwaves, and eutrophication promote suitable conditions for rapid phytoplankton growth and biomass accumulation. An increase in such primary producers provides food for marine organisms, and phytoplankton play an important global role in fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide and producing much of the oxygen we breathe. But harmful algal blooms (HABs) can also form, and they may adversely affect the ecosystem by reducing oxygen availability in the water, releasing toxic substances, clogging fish gills, and diminishing biodiversity. Understanding, forecasting, and ultimately mitigating HAB events could reduce their impact on wild fish populations, help aquaculture producers avoid losses, and facilitate a healthy ocean. Phytoplankton respond rapidly to changes in the environment, and measuring the distribution of a bloom and its species composition and abundance is essential for determining its ecological impact and potential for harm. Satellite remote sensing of chlorophyll concentration has been used extensively to observe the development of algal blooms. Although this tool has wide spatial and temporal (nearly daily) coverage, it is limited to surface ocean waters and cloud-free days. Microscopic analyses of water and net samples allow much closer examination of the species present in a bloom and their abundance, but this is a time-consuming process that collects only discrete point samples, sparsely distributed in space and time. Neither of these methods alone captures the rapid evolution of algal blooms, the spatial and temporal patchiness of their distributions, or their high local variability. In situ optical devices and imaging sensors mounted on mobile platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) capture fine-scale temporal trends in plankton communities, while uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) complement satellite remote sensing. Use of such autonomous platforms offers the flexibility to react to local conditions with adaptive sampling techniques in order to examine the marine environments in real time. Here we present an integrated approach to observing blooms—an “observational pyramid”—that includes both classical and newer, complementary observation methods (Figure 1). We aim to identify trends in phytoplankton blooms in a region with strong aquaculture activity on the Atlantic coast of mid-Norway. Field campaigns were carried out in consecutive springs (2021 and 2022) in Frohavet, an area of sea sheltered by the Froan archipelago (Figure 2). The region is a shallow, highly productive basin with abundant fishing and a growing aquaculture industry. Typically, there are one or more large algal blooms here during the spring months. We use multi-instrumentation from macro- to a microscale perspectives, combined with oceanographic modeling and ground truthing, to provide tools for early algal bloom detection.en_US
dc.identifier.citationWilliamson D R, Moreira Fragoso GM, Majaneva SK, Dallolio A D, Halvorsen DØ, Hasler OK, Oudijk AE, Langer DD, Johansen TA, Johnsen G, Stahl A, Ludvigsen M L, Garrett J. Monitoring Algal Blooms with Complementary Sensors on Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales. Oceanography. 2023;36(1):11-0en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2113270
dc.identifier.doi10.5670/oceanog.2023.s1.11
dc.identifier.issn1042-8275
dc.identifier.issn2377-617X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/28576
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherOceanography Societyen_US
dc.relation.journalOceanography
dc.relation.urihttps://tos.org/oceanography/article/monitoring-algal-blooms-with-complementary-sensors-on-multiple-spatial-and-temporal-scales#citation
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2023 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.titleMonitoring Algal Blooms with Complementary Sensors on Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scalesen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)