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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Nye registreringer
Viser treff 1221-1240 av 2043
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The prevalence and possible risk factors of asthma in a subarctic child population. A study of asthma and allergy among schoolchildren i Nordland county
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-05-07)Astmaepidemien de siste årtiene, har ført til at astma er blitt den vanligste kroniske sykdommen blant barn i den vestlige verden. Selv om studier fra ulike steder viser stor variasjon i forekomsten av astma, allergisk øye- og nesekatarr (rhinokonjunktivitt) og eksem, har man på tross av utstrakt forskning ikke funnet årsaken til sykdommene eller entydige forebyggende tiltak. Denne avhandlingen ... -
Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Shengmai capsule as adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-09)<i>Objective</i>: The existing eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were critically appraised for the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Shenmai for ischemic stroke.<p> <p><i>Design</i>: Systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42016042914, http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2016. Risk ratio ... -
No overdiagnosis in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program estimated by combining record linkage and questionnaire information in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-12)<i>Background</i>: The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) was implemented across the country in 2005 and has been criticised for potential ‘overdiagnosis’, i.e. a breast cancer diagnosis that otherwise would not have been detected or treated in a woman’s lifetime. We aimed to estimate overdiagnosis in the NBCSP based on the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study using both ... -
Reproducibility and repeatability of six high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing protocols for microbiota profiling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-03-18)Culture-independent molecular techniques and advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies make large-scale epidemiological studies on microbiota feasible. A challenge using NGS is to obtain high reproducibility and repeatability, which is mostly attained through robust amplification. We aimed to assess the reproducibility of saliva microbiota by comparing triplicate samples. The ... -
Racial Variation in Echocardiographic Reference Ranges for Left Chamber Dimensions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-04)Abstract Echocardiography plays a critical role in the assessment of cardiac disease. Important differences in echocardiographically derived cardiac chamber dimensions have been previously highlighted in different population groups in adult studies, but this has not been systematically studied in children, whose body size changes throughout childhood. The aim of this study was to review the ... -
Rethinking the carcinogenesis of breast cancer: The theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease or a pseudo semi-allograft
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-08-23)The theory of breast cancer as a <i>child deficiency disease</i> is an <i>inversion of the current paradigm</i>, which considers fullterm pregnancies to be a protective factor and uses nulliparous women as the reference group. Instead, the theory of breast cancer as a child deficiency disease says that women with the highest parity (about 20, which is the limit of human fertility) are those with ... -
Meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease on 9,751 samples from Norway and IGAP study identifies four risk loci
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-27)A large fraction of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is still not identified, limiting the understanding of AD pathology and study of therapeutic targets. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AD cases and controls of European descent from the multi-center DemGene network across Norway and two independent European cohorts. In a two-stage process, we first performed ... -
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus among Sami and non-Sami inhabitants of Northern Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-05-07)The thesis is based upon data from two cross-sectional population-based surveys, the SAMINOR 1 Survey (2003-2004) and the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey (2012-2014). The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus among Sami and non-Sami inhabitants of the 24 municipalities from North- and Mid-Norway was estimated in the SAMINOR 1 Survey. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ... -
The educational gradient in premature cardiovascular mortality: Examining mediation by risk factors in cohorts born in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-28)<i>Aims</i>: Educational inequality in cardiovascular disease and in modifiable risk factors changes over time and between birth cohorts. We aimed to assess how cardiovascular disease risk factors mediate educational differences in premature cardiovascular disease mortality and how this varies over birth cohorts and sex.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We followed 360,008 40–45-year-olds born in the ... -
Coding variants in RPL3L and MYZAP increase risk of atrial fibrillation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-12)Most sequence variants identified hitherto in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of atrial fibrillation are common, non-coding variants associated with risk through unknown mechanisms. We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of atrial fibrillation among 29,502 cases and 767,760 controls from Iceland and the UK Biobank with follow-up in samples from Norway and the US, focusing on low-frequency coding ... -
Hospital stage of myocardial infarction treatment in 13 regions of Russian Federation by results of the international research
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018)<i>Aim</i>: To describe the characteristics of the patient with MI who is admitted to a hospital and to characterize the main diagnostic and treatment interventions in clinic.<p> <p><i>Material and methods</i>: This study is observational and the part of big international project. It includes a representative sample of patients with MI admitted to 16 clinics in 13 regions of Russian Federation ... -
Availability and Affordability of Medicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Pharmacies in Six Regions of the Russian Federation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018)<i>Aim</i>: To evaluate the availability and affordability of medicines used to treat of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in several regions of the Russian Federation with different climatic, geographic, economic and demographic characteristics.<p> <p><i>Material and methods</i>: The study was conducted in 6 regional capitals, chosen to differ in geographically, economically, and demographically. ... -
Identifying and measuring patient harms. A study of measuring adverse events in hospitalised patients by the Global Trigger Tool record review method
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-05-24)Patient harms, or adverse events which is the term used in this PhD thesis, is a global health problem. The Global Trigger Tool (GTT) is a widely used method to identify and measure adverse events (AEs). The method involves reviewers searching for triggers (situations) in randomly selected medical records and subsequently identifying AEs. However, the method is criticized due to the time used by ... -
Is a modified Global Trigger Tool method using automatic trigger identification valid when measuring adverse events? A comparison of review methods using automatic and manual trigger identification
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-08)<p><i>Objectives - </i>To evaluate a modified Global Trigger Tool (GTT) method with manual review of automatic triggered records to measure adverse events. <p><i>Design - </i>A cross-sectional study was performed using the original GTT method as gold standard compared to a modified GTT method. <p><i>Setting - </i>Medium size hospital trust in Northern Norway. <p><i>Participants - </i>One thousand ... -
Is inter-rater reliability of Global Trigger Tool results altered when members of the review team are replaced?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-12)<p><i>Objective - </i>To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of results from Global Trigger Tool (GTT) reviews when one of the three reviewers remains consistent, while one or two reviewers rotate. <p><i>Design - </i>Comparison of results from retrospective record review performed as a cross-sectional study with three review teams each consisting of two non-physicians and one physician; Team I ... -
Does increasing the size of bi-weekly samples of records influence results when using the Global Trigger Tool? An observational study of retrospective record reviews of two different sample sizes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-25)<p><i>Objectives - </i>To investigate the impact of increasing sample of records reviewed bi-weekly with the Global Trigger Tool method to identify adverse events in hospitalised patients. <p><i>Design - </i>Retrospective observational study. <p><i>Setting - </i>A Norwegian 524-bed general hospital trust. <p><i>Participants - </i>1920 medical records selected from 1 January to 31 December ... -
Styringsutfordringer i ny søknadsbasert turnusordning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2017)Geografisk fordeling av leger er ett av målene med turnusordningen. Formålet med denne artikkelen er å peke på noen styringsutfordringer i den nye søknadsbaserte turnusordningen sett i lys av dette målet. De handler blant annet om selektiv oppmerksomhet fra helsemyndighetens side og mangler i samstyringen mellom helseforetak og kommuner. -
Hvordan møte utfordringer for fastlegetjenesten i distriktene?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018)En god fastlegetjeneste er viktig, ikke minst der det er lang avstand til sykehus. I Nord-Norge er avstandene store, og gjennomsnittlig reisetid fra de 87 kommunesentra i Nord-Norge til nærmeste sykehus er 2 timer og 6 minutter. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi fastlegetjenesten i Nord-Norge samtidig som vi fokuserer på sentrale utfordringer som gjelder rekruttering av fastleger, det å få fastleger ... -
Achieving Thoracic Oncology data collection in Europe: a precursor study in 35 Countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-20)<i>Background</i>: A minority of European countries have participated in international comparisons with high level data on lung cancer. However, the nature and extent of data collection across the continent is simply unknown, and without accurate data collection it is not possible to compare practice and set benchmarks to which lung cancer services can aspire.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Using an ... -
Complementary and alternative medicine for treatment of atopic eczema in children under 14 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-26)<i>Background</i>: Due to limitations of conventional medicine for atopic eczema (AE), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used as an alternative, maintaining, or simultaneous treatment for AE. We aimed to evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects of CAM for children with AE under 14 years old.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We searched for randomized trials on CAM in 12 Chinese and ...
