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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin
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Improving and preserving cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and adiposity through a complex lifestyle intervention in community-dwelling older adults with elevated cardiometabolic risk: study protocol for the RESTART randomised controlled trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-04-19)Introduction As the global population ages, the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases and associated healthcare costs rise. There is a critical need for preventive interventions enabling long-lasting treatment effects to address the decline in physical performance and metabolic health among older adults. The RESTART (RE-inventing Strategies for healthy Ageing: Recommendations and Tools) randomised ... -
Team Effectiveness in General Practice: Insights from the Norwegian Primary Healthcare Team Pilot
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024-04-15)This chapter provides insights into team effectiveness in general practice. It is based on a qualitative case study from five purposively recruited Norwegian general practices participating in a pilot for implementing primary healthcare teams. To assess team effectiveness, 41 individual and group interviews were performed in the practices. The data production and the analysis were guided by Hackman’s ... -
Socioeconomic and geographic variation in adjuvant chemotherapy among elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway – a national register-based cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-17)Background About half of the patients diagnosed with colon cancer are 70 years or older. Standard treatment for stage III colon cancer is major surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Norwegian guidelines recommend initiation of ACT within 6 weeks after resection. Objective This study investigated socioeconomic and geographic variation in the recommended provision of ACT to ... -
Circulating endogenous sex steroids and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in men and women
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-15)Thyroid cancer (TC) is substantially more common in women than in men, pointing to a possible role of sex steroid hormones. We investigated the association between circulating sex steroid hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the risk of differentiated TC in men and women within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort. During follow-up, we identified ... -
Lifestyle changes in middle age and risk of cancer: evidence from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-05)In this study, we aimed to provide novel evidence on the impact of changing lifestyle habits on cancer risk. In the EPIC cohort, 295,865 middle-aged participants returned a lifestyle questionnaire at baseline and during follow-up. At both timepoints, we calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index and physical activity. HLI ranged ... -
Dietary intakes of dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and mortality: EPIC cohort study in 9 European countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, endocrine disruptors and persistent chemicals for which the main exposure source is diet due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains. Cohort studies in the general populations have reported inconsistent associations between these chemicals in serum/plasma and mortality. Our objective was to study the association between ... -
Does the outcome of acupuncture differ according to the location of sham needling points in acupuncture trials for migraine? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-20)Various acupuncture clinical trials have been conducted on migraine; however, the conclusions remain controversial especially when acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture. Sham acupuncture is sometimes performed at the same acupuncture points used for verum acupuncture despite the evidence on acupuncture point specificity. Four databases were searched for sham acupuncture or waiting list-controlled ... -
Information sharing across institutions: Practices and barriers during public health emergencies in Ethiopia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-03-30)Background - Rapid, integrated information exchange between stakeholders is critical for effective emergency preparedness and response. However, many low- and middle-income countries face barriers to seamless data sharing. While information accessibility is recognized as important for evidence-based decision-making and resource allocation in Ethiopia, factors influencing current health information ... -
Assessing the performance of the integrated disease surveillance and response systems: a systematic review of global evidence
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-17)Objectives - Public health surveillance systems are critical for detecting and responding to health threats. This review aims to analyze international literature on the performance of these systems in terms of core, support, and attributes of surveillance system.<p> <p>Study design - Systematic review.<p> <p>Methods - Following the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022366051), a systematic ... -
Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-13)Background - Diabetes can be detected at the primary health-care level, and effective treatments lower the risk of complications. There are insufficient data on the coverage of treatment for diabetes and how it has changed. We estimated trends from 1990 to 2022 in diabetes prevalence and treatment for 200 countries and territories.<p> <p>Methods - We used data from 1108 population-representative ... -
The Lancet Commission on self-harm
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-12)By delivering transformative shifts in societal attitudes and initiating a radical redesign of mental health care, we can fundamentally improve the lives of people who self-harm. -
Pre-diagnostic plasma advanced glycation end-products and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products and mortality in colorectal cancer patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-26)Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), formed endogenously or obtained exogenously from diet, may contribute to chronic inflammation, intracellular signaling alterations, and pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of AGEs in CRC survival is less known. The associations of pre-diagnostic circulating AGEs and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) with ... -
Smoking Cessation and Short- and Longer-Term Mortality
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-08)BACKGROUND - Smoking cessation reduces mortality and morbidity. However, the extent and rapidity at which cessation reduces contemporary death rates from smoking-related illnesses remain uncertain.<p> <p>METHODS - We pooled current or former versus never cigarette smoker hazard ratios from four national cohorts with linkage to death registries in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and ... -
Social media as an effective provider of quality assured and factual information to increase vaccine rates – A systematic review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-02-24)Background: Vaccination programs are one among the most important reasons people can live longer and healthier, avoiding diseases like measles, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and influenza from becoming fatal epidemics. Many people, including 20 million infants each year, have insufficient access to vaccines. There is a need to distribute information about the importance of following the vaccination ... -
Reply: How do we avoid polarization of interdisciplinary research on cancer diagnosis?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-30)First, we would like to take the opportunity to thank Andersen and colleagues for their thorough reading of our paper. We appreciate and welcome a critical dialogue that helps furthering an understanding of early cancer diagnostics. <p> <p>However, our paper is a critical comment on the epidemiological reasoning that early diagnosis equals better outcomes, using anthropological and social science ... -
Healthcare seeking for people diagnosed with severe mental illness: Sensations, symptoms and diagnostic work
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-27)For people with mental and somatic illnesses, the interpretive process of attending to a multitude of bodily sensations and recognising them as potential symptoms represents daily and ‘chronic homework’. Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark, this study explores diagnostic work and healthcare seeking among people with severe mental and somatic illnesses. As multiple studies have ... -
Rethinking the logic of early diagnosis in cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-26)To reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer, more countries have implemented strategies to detect cancer, based on the logic of ‘the sooner the better’. Time is thereby an essential component in how cancer research, policies, and prevention are practiced today. Where the logic of early diagnosis benefits some, the logic also produces harms. In this article, we use a cross-disciplinary case-study ... -
Erstatning av rødt og bearbeidet kjøtt med mager eller fet fisk og risiko for kolorektal kreft
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Kolorektal kreft er den nest vanligste kreftformen i Norge, der norske kvinner er blant de med høyest insidens globalt. Samtidig er inntaket av rødt og bearbeidet kjøtt en kjent risikofaktor for kolorektal kreft, som derfor anbefales av de offentlige kostrådene å reduseres. Ved reduksjon vil det være naturlig å substituere med alternative proteinkilder, hvor fet eller mager fisk er anbefalt å innta ... -
Co-observation of germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer predisposition genes: Results from analysis of the BRIDGES sequencing dataset
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-02)Co-observation of a gene variant with a pathogenic variant in another gene that explains the disease presentation has been designated as evidence against pathogenicity for commonly used variant classification guidelines. Multiple variant curation expert panels have specified, from consensus opinion, that this evidence type is not applicable for the classification of breast cancer predisposition gene ... -
Blood-based DNA methylation markers for lung cancer prediction
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-30)Objective - Screening high-risk individuals with low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer, but many lung cancers occur in individuals who are not eligible for screening. Risk biomarkers may be useful to refine risk models and improve screening eligibility criteria. We evaluated if blood-based DNA methylation markers can improve a traditional lung cancer prediction model.<p> <p>Methods and ...
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