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Body fatness at a young age, weight change and risk of adult pancreatic cancer: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-17)Aim: To assess associations between body fatness at a young age, weight change and adult pancreatic cancer risk Material and methods: Self-reported data on body type at age 7, weight at age 18 and weight and height at enrolment were included from 164,488 participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% ... -
The association between the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC)
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-15)Background: The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing worldwide. There are several reasons for the growing prevalence, including sedentary lifestyles and increased consumption of unhealthy diets. Inflammation is the immune system’s natural reaction to injury or infection and is suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The energy-adjusted dietary ... -
Education and adherence to the Norwegian Dietary Recommendations. Insights from The Tromsø Study 2015-2016
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-14)Background: Socioeconomic differences are observed in health and diet, and higher education is associated with a healthier diet. The Norwegian dietary recommendations contain 13 recommendations for food, drinks, supplements, and physical activity. Aim: The aim was to investigate if the intake of food groups from – and adherence to - the dietary recommendations was different across educational ... -
Erstatning av rødt og bearbeidet kjøtt med mager eller fet fisk og risiko for kolorektal kreft
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Kolorektal kreft er den nest vanligste kreftformen i Norge, der norske kvinner er blant de med høyest insidens globalt. Samtidig er inntaket av rødt og bearbeidet kjøtt en kjent risikofaktor for kolorektal kreft, som derfor anbefales av de offentlige kostrådene å reduseres. Ved reduksjon vil det være naturlig å substituere med alternative proteinkilder, hvor fet eller mager fisk er anbefalt å innta ... -
Development of quantitative PCR method for Escherichia coli detection in human stool samples
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-06-12)The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. This diverse ecosystem includes Escherichia coli (E. coli), which are not just present, but are essential in maintaining health by aiding digestion, synthesising vitamins such as Vitamin B12 and K, and protecting against pathogens. E. coli is a versatile bacterium with various ... -
Hvordan samsvarer verdier for jodinntak målt ved ulike metoder? Resultater fra unge kvinner i MISA 2-undersøkelsen
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Introduksjon: Utilstrekkelig jodinntak er et folkehelseproblem i flere land. Mange land i Europa og Norden har individer som er i risiko for mild til moderat jodmangel. Særlig fertile kvinner, gravide og ammende er i risiko. Jod er et sporstoff som er essensielt for thyreoideahormonene trijodtyrotyronin og tyroksin. Hormonene er involvert i reguleringen av metabolismen og er viktig for normal utvikling ... -
Intake of Fat and the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Worldwide, ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer type for women. According to The World Cancer Research Fund, the research on the associations between intake of fat and risk of ovarian cancer is limited. The aim was to study the possible associations between the intake of total fat, trans fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol ... -
An Investigation into the Effects of Chronic High Fructose Consumption on Liver Histology, Triglyceride Content and Gene Expression in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)Background: Chronic high fructose intake is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Fructose metabolised in the liver is not subject to the same strict regulation as glucose, and high fructose intake can therefore increase lipid production and storage, leading to detrimental metabolic changes. Fructose may also induce hypertension ... -
Description of disordered eating among female athletes in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-06-01)Disordered eating behavior (DEB) is more prevalent among female athletes compared to both male athletes and non-athlete women. This behavior can significantly compromise both the performance and overall health of athlete. However, it has been almost two decades since previous research reported DEB prevalence in the athletic Norwegian population, making an update on the subject necessary. This study ... -
The Association between the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC)
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-15)Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Norwegian women had the highest incidence rate in 2020 compared to women in other countries. Existing evidence suggests that the dietary inflammatory potential is associated with the risk of CRC and that the risk may vary by anatomical subsite. However, the findings are inconsistent ... -
Associations between intake of dairy products and colorectal lesions in the Norwegian CRCbiome study: a cross-sectional study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-15)Background: Intake of dairy is associated with lower risk of CRC. It is, however, unclear whether this risk reduction applies to all types of dairy products and whether it also applies to precancerous lesions. Aim/objective: To examine the association between intake of dairy products and CRC screening findings (non-advanced lesions and advanced colorectal lesions (ACN)) in participants with a ... -
Effect of ketosis on pain and quality of life in women with lipedema.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-13)Background: Lipedema is an adipose tissue condition in females characterized by immobility, pain, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Recent publications indicate that ketogenic diets may induce symptom relief in women with lipedema. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a low-energy ketogenic diet on pain and QoL in women with lipedema, compared to a low-energy non-ketogenic ... -
Investigating the effects of the ketone body ß-hydroxybutyrate and the anti-cancer compound MHP88 on glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-16)Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive human brain tumor with a mean survival of 15 months. It is therefore necessary to explore new treatment strategies, and to study how different hallmarks of cancer can be utilized in this regard. The marine natural product mimic MHP88 can attack the cancer cells’ ability to evade immune destruction by inducing immunogenic cell death ... -
Assessing the effectiveness of if-then plans to facilitate increased fruit and vegetable intake in adults
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-15)Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are prevalent, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. A diet rich in fruit and vegetables are important in the prevention and management of NCDs. If-then plans is a planning strategy that could facilitate eating behaviour change by creating a mental link between a cue and a response in an “If…, then…”-structure. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness ... -
Weight change desire and dietary habits among young females and males in Tromsø and Balsfjord: The Fit Future 2 Study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-18)It is not unusual for adolescents and young adults to have a desire to change their weight – either a desire to gain weight or reduce weight. Young men, on a general basis, want to increase their weight, while young women often want to decrease their weight. It is of concern that a larger number of both men and women with healthy weight wish to change their weight. In this thesis the aim was to ... -
Intake of marine fatty acids in early life and risk of celiac disease
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)Background: About 1% of the European population are affected by celiac disease (CD). Intake of omega-3 fatty acids in early life has been associated with lower risk of other immune-mediated diseases in children, but there are limited studies on CD. The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate if maternal intake of EPA and DHA during pregnancy, from food and/or supplements, was associated with ... -
The long-term effect of carbohydrate intake differing in quantity and quality on appetite in people with obesity - results from a randomized controlled trial (CARBFUNC)
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-17)Background: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for å series of health consequences. A better understanding of appetite regulation can be an important part of providing treatment strategies. When weight is lost, several physiological adaptations, including changes in appetite, take place. Dietary composition seems to affect appetite, and both carbohydrate quantity and quality may play a ... -
Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of fibromyalgia in The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-16)Background: Fibromyalgia is a common condition in the general population and is recognized as one of the most common conditions related to chronic pain and rheumatology. Fibromyalgia is a condition with severe burden on those affected, and furthermore an economical burden on society. Nevertheless, the etiology is yet to be fully clarified. It has been suggested that inflammation could be a part of ... -
High intake of Ultra-Processed Foods and risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Norwegian Women and Cancer study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-15)Background: Norway is one of the countries with the highest rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous research on diet and CRC has been heavily based on nutrients and foods, but new findings indicate that the way we process food may be of importance. However, the findings are contradictory. Further, new findings indicate that CRC risk factors might affect colorectal subsites differently. As the ... -
Vitamin A consumption in pregnancy and risk of offspring type 1 diabetes
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-15)Background and aim: Vitamin A have been shown to influence immunity, and animal studies have shown that maternal vitamin A intake could have immunomodulatory effects that may influence offspring type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. There are few human studies that have investigated the association between vitamin A consumption and T1D. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal vitamin ...
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