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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 781-800 of 2044
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Oral contraceptive use and risk of mortality among Norwegian women – a prospective study from the NOWAC study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-12-01)Millions of women are dependent on the use of oral contraceptives in order to have a more meaningful life and a general sense of well-being. These benefits make oral contraceptives one of the most prescribed medications among women. However, while there is established evidence on the short-term effects of oral contraceptive use, there are conflicting reports on the long-term risk of oral contraceptive ... -
Association between unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health in the Russian population aged 35-69 years
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-27)The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is reportedly high in Russia; this thesis focuses on the prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction and self-reported health (mental health and physical health) as well as the association between both variables using data from the know your heart study. This survey is a cross sectional study from two Russian cities- Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk (2015-2018). ... -
Endogenous Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations and Colon Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women: a Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-28)Background - Observational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk, but epidemiologic studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results.<p> <p>Methods - We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations ... -
Association of glycated hemoglobin A1c levels with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: results from the BiomarCaRE (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe) consortium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-15)Background: Biomarkers may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk estimation. Glycated hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) is used to monitor the quality of diabetes treatment. Its strength of association with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the association of HbA<sub>1c</sub> with cardiovascular outcomes in the general ... -
External validation of a deep learning electrocardiogram algorithm to detect ventricular dysfunction
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-02)Objective - To validate a novel artificial-intelligence electrocardiogram algorithm (AI-ECG) to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in an external population.<p> <p>Background - LVSD, even when asymptomatic, confers increased morbidity and mortality. We recently derived AI-ECG to detect LVSD using ECGs based on a large sample of patients treated at the Mayo Clinic.<p> <p>Methods ... -
“Mapping suicide prevention initiatives targeting Indigenous Sámi in Nordic countries”
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-07)Background - Suicide is a major public health issue among Indigenous Sámi in Nordic countries, and efforts to prevent suicide in the Sámi context are increasing. However, there is no literature on suicide prevention initiatives among Sámi. The aim of the study was to map suicide prevention initiatives targeting Sámi in Norway, Sweden, and Finland during 2005–2019.<p> <p>Method - Initiatives were ... -
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA 1c by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994-2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-15)Introduction - We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).<p> <p>Research - design and methods In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40–89 years participating in four surveys ... -
Influence of Internalised Homonegativity on Sexual Risk Behaviour of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Spain
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-27)In a sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) (N = 3436) in Spain who bear intrinsic HIV risk, we investigated how internalised homonegativity (IH) is associated with the number of non-steady male partners with condomless intercourse (as a proxy of sexual risk behaviour). Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we examined the relationship between IH and sexual risk behaviour, and mediating ... -
Changed definition of disease and broader screening criteria had little impact on prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-26)Introduction - There are major controversies in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study evaluates the impact of the 2017 revised guidelines for GDM screening and a changed definition of GDM in Norway.<p> <p>Material and methods - We used a case-series design and included women with no pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, who gave birth after gestational week 29 to a ... -
The prevalence and determinants of Polypharmacy in middle-aged population of two Russian cities.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-11-30)Introduction: Polypharmacy has been a global threat these days and raised a question about its determinants. Differences in socioeconomic conditions, comorbid conditions, healthcare services use of individuals were expected to be related to Polypharmacy. Populations with cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be on multiple medications. However, no studies investigated the effects of socioeconomic ... -
The potential for reducing inappropriate hospital admissions : a study of health benefits and costs in a department of internal medicine
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1999)Inappropriate hospital admissions are defined as those which do not result in health benefit for the patient or in such benefit that could have been obtained on a lower care level. Studies from many parts of the world have reported high rates of such admissions. It is commonly believed that they represent a potential for significant cost reductions. However, this assumes that they can be identified ... -
No går det på helsa laus : helse, sykdom og risiko for sykdom i to nord-norske kystsamfunn
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1998)The present thesis shows how ordinary people experience the process of medicalization in their everyday life. The thesis describes how health and iliness is resolved, and how they solve their daily health problems. <p>The data presented is from two villages on the coast of Northern Norway. The study from Nordfjord examines how people change their attitude to iliness, health and health-care over time. ... -
Vilkår for begrepsdannelse og praksis i psykiatri : en filosofisk undersøkelse
(Others; Andre, 1996)Det begrensede siktemålet med denne avhandlingen, er å gi en oversikt over sentrale vilkår for psykiatrisk begrepsdannelse og praksis. En slik oversikt vil dog forhåpentligvis gjøre det enklere å bedømme hvilke spørsmål det er viktig å stille, i en klargjøring av psykiatriens potensiale som forvalter av intensjonen om lydhørhet overfor den Andres smerte. -
Physical activity and risk of cancer : a population based cohort study including prostate, testicular, colorectal, lung and breast cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1997)The overall aim of this thesis was to elucidate any association between physical activity and the subsequent risk of some major types of cancer in the general adult population of Norway: prostate, testicular, colorectal, lung and breast cancer. <p> <p>• Another aim was to examine whether physical activity at work had a different association to these cancer types than physical activity in leisure ... -
Factors affecting self-evaluated general health status and the use of professional health care services
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1991)The idea of health has been given different meanings throughout history. The “Pippin perspective” introduced here contrasts the seemingly prevailing cultural climate of fascination and concern with personal health, uneasiness and “elevating health to a super value, a metaphor for all that is good in life” (1). What Pippin might help to illustrate is the reported historical trend toward a ... -
Communication and information needs about complementary and alternative medicine: a qualitative study of parents of children with cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-08)Background: Many parents choose support such as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for themselves and their children who have cancer. The aim of this paper is to describe, how parents who have children with cancer communicated with conventional health care providers about CAM, and what types and sources of information they would like to receive about CAM when the child was ill.<p> <p>Method: ... -
The mediating impact of lifestyle factors in the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a Norwegian cohort of women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)Introduction: Information on self-reported health (SRH) with a simple question on “How do you rate your health?” provides sufficient information to be a reasonable proxy of health. Socioeconomic inequalities in health are often monitored via SRH. Individuals with better socioeconomic status (SES) more likely to rate their SRH as good. The part of the effect of SES (income level and education) operates ... -
The Harstad injury prevention study : hospital-based injury recording and community-based intervention
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1995)Accidental injury is the leading cause of death in Norway under the age of 50. A 19 % reduction of age standardized accident mortality was observed from 1956 to 1983. In spite of this, next to Finland, Norway has the highest accident mortality rate among the Nordic countries (1) . To reduce accidental injury it is important to gain knowledge about all injuries, not only the fatal ones. The ... -
Patterns and predictors of drug use : a pharmacoepidemiologic study, linking the analgesic drug prescription to a population health survey in Tromsø, Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 1994)The purpose of the study may be summarized as follows: - What is the frequency of drug use in the population, frequency of analgesic drug use in general and particularly the use of controlled analgesics? - How will morbidity, demographic pattern and lifestyle characteristics influence this drug use, and which factors explain the observed differences in drug use?
