In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to simulate the microwave scattering from the rough sea ice surface. A nonperiodic model and a periodic model were built. The nonperiodic model considers the rough surface of finite length and introduces a tapered incident wave. In this model, the strategy of total and scattered-field decomposition (TSFD) was used to formulate the finite-element method ...

Context. Solar Orbiter provides dust detection capability in the inner heliosphere, but estimating physical properties of detected dust from the collected data is far from straightforward.<p> <p>Aims. First, a physical model for dust collection considering a Poisson process is formulated. Second, it is shown that dust on hyperbolic orbits is responsible for the majority of dust detections with ...

We investigate if the presence of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) influences the electron temperature during artificial heating in the D-region. By transferring the energy of powerful high-frequency radio waves into thermal energy of electrons, artificial heating increases the electron temperature. Artificial heating depends on the height variation of electron density. The presence of MSPs can ...

We study the modification effects of the high-latitude ionospheric F region induced by a highpower O-mode HF radio wave injected towards the magnetic zenith, at frequencies near the fifth and sixth electron gyroharmonics using the EISCAT/Heating facility. Multi-instrument diagnostics with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar (930 MHz) at Tromsø, Norway, the CUTLASS coherent radar at Hankasalmi, ...

Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life that live within the sea ice, which support healthy functioning of the marine ecosystem and provision of resources for human-consumption, in addition to influencing biogeochemical cycles (e.g. air–sea CO2 exchange). With ...

The Arctic MLT wind regime parameters measured at the ground-based network of MF and meteor radar stations (Andenes 69° N, Tromsø 70° N, Esrange 68° N, Dixon 73.5° N, Poker Flat 65° N and Resolute Bay 75° N) are discussed and compared with those observed in the mid-latitudes. The network of the ground-based MF and meteor radars for measuring winds in the Arctic upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere ...

In the Arctic, presence of sea ice presents a challenge to safe and sustainable operations. To optimize planning and minimize impact of inadvertent oil spills, oil-in-ice experiments were performed at the HSVA Arctic Environmental Test Basin (AETB) from 14 March to 4 April 2017. Following an under-ice spill and simulated springtime warming, the microscopic movement and distribution of oil in the sea ...

The dimensions of mitochondria are close to the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy techniques, making the complex internal structures of mitochondria unresolvable. In recent years, new fluorescence-based optical imaging techniques have emerged, which allow for optical imaging below the conventional limit, enabling super-resolution (SR). Possibly the most promising SR and diffraction-limited ...

Produced water is legally released from oil platforms and often detected by oil spill detection services despite their low oil concentrations. Using fully-polarimetric RADARSAT-2 and dual-polarimetric Sentinel-1 data we investigate their synthetic aperture radar (SAR) characteristics. Detectability ranges within the SAR and optical Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope images are assessed and compared to in-situ ...