Arctic peatlands store more than one sixth of the soil organic carbon (SOC) on Earth. Microorganisms decompose SOC, leading to the production of the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Large temperature increases are predicted in the Arctic towards the end of the century (1–6 °C in summer and 2–11 °C in winter). How the microorganisms in Arctic peatlands will respond to this ...