Amphipods are often key species in aquatic food webs due to their functional roles in the ecosystem and as intermediate hosts for trophically transmitted parasites. Amphipods can also host many parasite species, yet few studies address the entire parasite community of a gammarid population, precluding a more dynamic understanding of the food web. We set out to identify and quantify the parasite ...

Temperatures in mountain areas are increasing at a higher rate than the Northern Hemisphere land average, but how fauna may respond, in particular in terms of phenology, remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess how elevation could modify the relationships between climate variability (air temperature and snow melt‐out date), the timing of plant phenology and egg‐laying date of ...

Grasslands are widespread elements of urban greenspace providing recreational, psychological and aesthetic benefits to city residents. Two urban grassland types of contrasting management dominate urban greenspaces: frequently mown, species-poor short-cut lawns and less intensively managed, near-natural tall-grass meadows. The higher conservation value of tall-grass meadows makes management interventions ...

<ol> <li>Ungulate trampling modifies soils and interlinked ecosystem functions across biomes. Until today, most research has focused on temperate ecosystems and mineral soils while trampling effects on cold and organic matter‐rich tundra soils remain largely unknown.</li><p> <p><li>We aimed to develop a general model of trampling effects on soil structure, biota, microclimate and biogeochemical ...

Alaskan Arctic shelf communities are currently experiencing dramatic changes that will likely affect ecosystem functioning of Arctic marine benthic communities. Here, functional diversity based on biological traits was used to assess differences and similarities in ecosystem functioning between 2 shelf systems that are geographically close but vary in many environmental influences: the Arctic Beaufort ...

Changes in abiotic and biotic factors between seasons in subarctic lake systems are often profound, potentially affecting the community structure and population dynamics of parasites over the annual cycle. However, few winter studies exist and interactions between fish hosts and their parasites are typically confined to snapshot studies restricted to the summer season whereas host‐parasite dynamics ...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive cancer associated with high mortality rates. The objective of this master project was to test the following hypotheses: (1) transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) activates fibroblasts in vitro and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) deactivates them while both increase fibroblast proliferation in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs); (2) the ...

Copepods of the genus <i>Calanus</i> have adapted to high levels of seasonality in prey availability by entering a period of hibernation during winter known as diapause, but repeated observations of active <i>Calanus</i> spp. have been made in January in high latitude fjords which suggests plasticity in over-wintering strategies. During the last decade, the period of Polar Night has been studied ...

Fine-scale knowledge of cetacean abundance and distribution throughout the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is lacking yet essential for effective ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). We investigated an important area both for migratory humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fisheries to assess potential spatio-temporal interactions, for use in adaptive EBFM ...

Hydrocarbon pollution in marine environments present an acute problem which is aggravated by cold temperatures. This is especially relevant in important environmental and economic northern regions such as the Barents Sea. The Barents Sea region has become the focus of oil industries from Russia and Norway, incrementing the risk of hydrocarbon pollution. Bioremediation is a cost-effective and ...