The presented thesis deals with the characterisation of hafnium doped zinc oxides with focus on the application as transparent conducting film (TCF) or electron transport layer (ETL) in heterojunction solar cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrical and optical methods have been applied to characterise the examined ...

In the Arctic Ocean ice algae constitute a key ecosystem component and the ice algal spring bloom a critical event in the annual production cycle. The bulk of ice algal biomass is usually found in the bottom few cm of the sea ice and dominated by pennate diatoms attached to the ice matrix. Here we report a red tide of the phototrophic ciliate <i>Mesodinium rubrum</i> located at the ice-water interface ...

We present the first study of dust impact events on one of the Earth‐orbiting Cluster satellites. The events were identified in the measurements of the wide band data (WBD) instrument on board the satellite operating in monopole configuration. Since 2009 the instrument is operating in this configuration due to the loss of three electric probes and is therefore measuring the potential between the ...

The main aim of the paper is damage detection at the microscale in the anisotropic piezoelectric sensors using surface acoustic waves (SAWs). A novel technique based on the single input and multiple output of Rayleigh waves is proposed to detect the microscale cracks/flaws in the sensor. A convex-shaped interdigital transducer is fabricated for excitation of divergent SAWs in the sensor. An angularly ...

Unsupervised clustering methods on remote sensing images have shown good results. However, this type of machine learning needs additional labelling to be an end-to-end classification in the same manner as traditional supervised classification. The automation of the labelling needs further exploration. We want to investigate the robustness of a supervised automatic labelling scheme by comparing a ...

Classic target decomposition methods use scattering space in their approaches. However, the goal for this project is to investigate whether a different approach to retrieve accurate and reliable estimates on the earth composition is possible when using the feature space with covariance matrix-based features. The approach consists of four steps. Generating multidimensional feature space data from ...

Degeneration of articular cartilage is known as a serious and painful knee disease seriously affecting people in all ages. The disease also marks the presence of osteoarthritis which is a complex musculoskeletal disorder. A successful assessment of the degeneration status is of great importance for estimating osteoarthritis progression, and thereby beneficial for implementing clinical treatments. ...

Smoke Particle Impact Detector (SPID) is a faraday cup impact probe designed and built by the University of Tromso (UIT). Its main purpose is to measure nanometer sized smoke particles (in-situ) in the atmosphere, and to do that it needs to be launched on a sounding rocket. Its design is an open faraday cup with grids to shield out ambient plasma and a larger slanted impact grid to measure the ...

This thesis presents the first sub-radar beam resolution determination of the angular width of wide altitude ion line enhancements (WAILEs), found to be 0.5 degrees around magnetic zenith, observed during a HF radio wave heating experiment at the EISCAT Tromsø Heating facility on 27 November 2014. The results of ray tracing simulations are detailed. The simulations are based on the hypothesis that ...

Deep image clustering is a rapidly growing branch of machine learning and computer vision, in which deep neural networks are trained to discover groups within a set of images, in an unsupervised manner. Deep neural networks have proven to be immensely successful in several machine learning tasks, but the majority of these advances have been in supervised settings. The process of labeling data for ...