Artikler, rapporter og annet (arktisk og marin biologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 101-120 of 1607
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Long-term warming-induced trophic downgrading in the soil microbial food web
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-01)Climatic warming has been hypothesized to accelerate organic matter decomposition by soil microorganisms and thereby enhance carbon (C) release to the atmosphere. However, the long-term consequences of soil warming on belowground biota interactions are poorly understood. Here we investigate how geothermal warming by 6 °C for more than 50 years affects soil microbiota. Using metatranscriptomics we ... -
Norwegian killer whale movements reflect their different preytypes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-21)Norwegian killer whales (Orcinus orca) are thought to be generalists that feed primarily on fish, but some individuals have been observed targeting pinnipeds. In the study reported here, field observations of foraging behaviours formed the basis of a priori classification as either seal-eaters or fish-eaters. Concurrent collection of photographic identification and biopsies for stable isotope analysis ... -
Bioglider: an integrated glider solution for enhancing environmental knowledge
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-11)This paper presents a technological solution for the observation and monitoring of the marine ecosystem. Three complementary devices, one optic imaging and one scientific acoustic instrument as well as one acoustic communication modem, have been integrated on glider platforms, providing qualitative and quantitative zooplankton and fish ecology observations, which are especially relevant in Nordic ... -
Mining various genomic resources to resolve old alpha-taxonomy questions: A test of the species hypothesis of the Proteocephalus longicollis species complex (Cestoda: Platyhelminthes) from salmonid fishes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-24)High-throughput sequencing strategies became commonly employed to study non-model parasites, but the corresponding genomes and transcriptomes were seldom mined following the original publication. Similar to the data generated with genome skimming techniques based on shallow-depth shotgun gen omes, various genomic and transcriptomic resources can be screened for useful molecular phylogenetic markers ... -
Comparative analysis of the cytoarchitecture of the excretory bladder of adult Digenea (Platyhelminthes) with consideration of the presence of mineralized excretory corpuscles in marine and freshwater adult worms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-01)The ultrastructural differences are shown between the cytoarchitecture of the excretory bladder and excretory inclusions in four digenean species, two azygiids, the marine Otodistomum cestoides and the freshwater Azygia lucii, the marine derogenid Derogenes varicus and the freshwater allocreadiid Acrolichanus auriculatus. The unusual cytoarchitecture of the bladder epithelium of the azygiid digeneans, ... -
Biological timekeeping in polar environments: lessons from terrestrial vertebrates
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-30)The polar regions receive less solar energy than anywhere else on Earth, with the greatest year-round variation in daily light exposure; this produces highly seasonal environments, with short summers and long, cold winters. Polar environments are also characterised by a reduced daily amplitude of solar illumination. This is obvious around the solstices, when the Sun remains continuously above (polar ... -
Quantifying zoobenthic blue carbon storage across habitats within the Arctic’s Barents Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-26)Introduction: The Arctic sea ice extent in September (when it is at its lowest) has declined 13% Q10 per decade, and the Arctic Ocean is becoming a more Atlantic-influenced system. Rapid climate-forced changes are taking place in many high-latitude marine ecosystems. The Barents Sea is one such highlatitude shelf ecosystem, between approximately 70° and 80°N in the Norwegian Arctic. The purpose ... -
Grazing intensity drives a trophic shift in the diet of common alpine birds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-02-18)Large mammalian herbivores (LMH) shape vertebrate communities and structure food webs in many terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of LMH on other vertebrates are poorly understood. In France, domestic LMH have grazed alpine and mountain grasslands for thousands of years, profoundly influencing landscapes and wildlife. As LMH modify habitat structure, favour ... -
What Is the Impact of Accidentally Transporting Terrestrial Alien Species? A New Life Cycle Impact Assessment Model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-08)Alien species form one of the main threats to global biodiversity. Although Life Cycle Assessment attempts to holistically assess environmental impacts of products and services across value chains, ecological impacts of the introduction of alien species are so far not assessed in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Here, we developed country-to-country-specific characterization factors, expressed as the ... -
Tracking aquatic animals to understand a world increasingly shaped by a changing climate and extreme weather events
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-06)Despite great promise for understanding the impacts and extent of climate change on aquatic animals, their species, and ecological communities, it is surprising that tracking tools, like biotelemetry and biologging devices, have not been extensively used to understand climate change or develop and evaluate potential interventions that may forestall or mitigate its effects. In this review, we provide ... -
The challenges of opportunistic sampling when comparing prevalence of plastics in diving seabirds: A multi-species example from Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-18)There is a need for baseline information about how much plastics are ingested by wildlife and potential negative consequences thereof. We analysed the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics >1 mm in the stomachs of five pursuit-diving seabird species collected opportunistically. Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) found emaciated on beaches in SW Norway had the highest FO of plastics (58.8 %), ... -
Globally threatened Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus nesting in association with Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus in southern Yamal, Russia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023)Knowledge about the breeding biology and potential threats on the breeding grounds is important for conservation of threatened species. The main breeding range of the Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus (LWFG) forms a belt along the southern part of the Russian arctic and, although their main nesting habitat has been described based on observations of broods or pairs with breeding behaviour, ... -
Editorial: Environmental impacts and risks of car tire and styrene-butadiene rubber: microplastic pollution and contaminant transport
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-04)Every year, almost 2 billion new vehicle tires are produced world-wide. At the same time >1 billion tires reach their end of life. During use, tire wear particles (TWPs) form through abrasion of the rubber material, and in contact with the road surface composites of both materials form tire and road wear particles (TRWPs). These emissions represent a large fraction of total microplastic pollution, ... -
Rodinia to Gondwana evolution record, South Sinai, Egypt: Geological and geochronological constraints
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-11-02)The geological history of Sinai is complicated and differs from the other parts of the Arabian Nubian Shield. Some rocks in Sinai have a signature from the Grenvillian crust, as evidenced in Wadi Seih area. The ultimate objective of this research is to clarify the progression of episodic island arc accretion events from the amalgamation of Rodinia to the assembly of Gondwana supercontinent.Geochemical, ... -
Expected Climate Change in the High Arctic—Good or Bad for Arctic Charr?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-23)Lakes in the High Arctic are characterized by their low water temperature, long-term ice cover, low levels of nutrients, and low biodiversity. These conditions mean that minor climatic changes may be of great importance to Arctic freshwater organisms, including fish, by influencing vital life history parameters such as individual growth rates. In this study, Arctic charr sampled from two Svalbard ... -
Phthalate contamination in marine mammals off the Norwegian coast
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-27)Phthalates are used in plastics, found throughout the marine environment and have the potential to cause adverse health effects. In the present study, we quantified blubber concentrations of 11 phthalates in 16 samples from stranded and/or free-living marine mammals from the Norwegian coast: the killer whale (Orcinus orca), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala ... -
Rising from the shadows: selective foraging in model shoot parasitic plants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-12-06)Despite being sessile, plants nonetheless forage for resources by modulating their growth. Adaptative foraging in response to changes in resource availability and presence of neighbours has strong implications for performance and fitness. It is an even more pressing issue for parasitic plants, which draw resources directly from other plants. Indeed, parasitic plants were demonstrated over the years ... -
Structure-function relationships in the nasal cavity of Arctic and subtropical seals
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-14)The heating and moistening of inhaled air, and the cooling and moisture removal from exhaled air, are crucial for the survival of animals under severe environmental conditions. Arctic mammals have evolved specific adaptive mechanisms to retain warmth and water and restrict heat loss during breathing. Here, the role of the porous turbinates of the nasal cavities of Arctic and subtropical seals is ... -
A combined microbial and biogeochemical dataset from high-latitude ecosystems with respect to methane cycle
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-04)High latitudes are experiencing intense ecosystem changes with climate warming. The underlying methane (CH4) cycling dynamics remain unresolved, despite its crucial climatic feedback. Atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> emissions are heterogeneous, resulting from local geochemical drivers, global climatic factors, and microbial production/consumption balance. Holistic studies are mandatory to capture ... -
Sustainable blue foods: drivers and barriers in northern Norway
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2023)There is a push for transition to sustainable blue food systems in the High North. An interdisciplinary group of Fram Centre researchers have looked closer at the drivers motivating the transition and identified a set of barriers to sustainable blue food systems in northern Norway.