Blar i forfatter "Simonsen, Gunnar Skov"

Viser treff 21-40 av 49

    • Faecal colonization of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC in Mozambican university students 

      Chirindze, Lourenco Marcos; Zimba, Tomas F.; Sekyere, John Osei; Govinden, Usha; Chenia, Hafizah Y.; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Essack, Sabiha Y.; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-08)
      <p><i>Background</i>: In recent years, the world has seen a surge in Enterobacteriaceae resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) enzymes. Data on the epidemiology of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Sub-Saharan Africa are still limited.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Two hundred ...

    • Gule stafylokokker hos barn 

      Simonsen, Gunnar Skov (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-07)
      Antibiotikastyring er et av de viktigste tiltakene mot resistensutvikling. Ved hud- og bløtdelsinfeksjoner hos barn skal vi fortsatt ha en nøktern forskrivningspraksis.

    • Hormonal contraceptive use and Staphylococcus aureus nasal and throat carriage in a Norwegian youth population 

      Stensen, Dina Benedicte Berg; Småbrekke, Lars; Olsen, Karina; Grimnes, Guri; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sollid, Johanna U. E.; Furgberg, Anne-Sofie (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-05)
      <i>Background</i>: Use of hormonal contraceptives has been associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nasal carriage in adult women. However, the role of hormonal contraceptives in S. aureus colonization among adolescents and associations with progestin only contraceptives are unknown.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We obtained nasal and throat swab samples from 439 girls aged 17–21 years in the ...

    • Integron, plasmid and host strain characteristics of Escherichia coli from humans and food included in the Norwegian antimicrobial resistance monitoring programs 

      Sunde, Marianne; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Slettemeås, Jannice Schau; Bøckerman, Inger; Norström, Madelaine (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-05)
      Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (n=331) isolates from humans with bloodstream infections were investigated for the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons. The integron cassettes arrays were characterized and the findings were compared with data from similar investigations on resistant E. coli from meat and meat products (n=241) produced during the same time period. All isolates were ...

    • Low Sensitivity of the Formol-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation Concentration Technique in Low-Intensity Schistosoma japonicum Infections 

      Lier, Tore; Wang, TC; Lu, D; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Haukland, Hanne H; Haukland, HH; Vennervald, BJ; Johansen, MV (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2009)

    • Microbial risk factors for treatment failure of pivmecillinam in community‐acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli 

      Syre, Heidi; Hetland, Marit; Bernhoff, Eva; Bollestad, Marianne; Grude, Nils; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Löhr, Iren Høyland (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-22)
      The aim of this study was to identify microbial risk factors for treatment failure of pivmecillinam in community‐acquired urinary tract infections (ca‐UTIs) caused by ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli. Eighty‐nine ESBL‐producing E. coli isolated from women suffering from ca‐UTIs were included. The susceptibilities to mecillinam were determined using MIC gradient strip. Whole genome sequencing was ...

    • Molecular Epidemiological Characterisation of ESBL- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi 

      Choonara, Faheema Ebrahim; Haldorsen, Bjørg; Janice, Jessin; Mbanga, Joshua; Ndhlovu, Isaac; Saulosi, Osborne; Maida, Tarsizio; Lampiao, Fanuel; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Essack, Sabiha Yusuf; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-14)
      The global rise in infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales poses a public health problem. We have performed a molecular epidemiological characterisation of representative plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) and ESBL-positive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 38) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 17) from a tertiary hospital in Malawi collected in 2017. BlaCTX-M-15 was the ...

    • Multilocus Sequence Typing of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Norway Reveals Multiple New Sequence Types and a Large Genetic Diversity 

      Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun; Christerson, Linus; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Ödman, Kristina; Ståhlsten, Anna; Herrmann, Björn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      The Chlamydia trachomatis incidence rate in Finnmark, the most northern and sparsely populated county in Norway, has been twice the national average. This population based cross-sectional study among Finnmark high school students had the following aims: i) to examine distribution of multilocus sequence types (STs) of C. trachomatis in a previously unmapped area, ii) to compare chlamydia genetic ...

    • A nationwide genomic study of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae in Norway 2001–15: introduction and spread of ESBLs facilitated by clonal groups CG15 and CG307 

      Fostervold, Aasmund; Hetland, Marit Andrea Klokkhammer; Bakksjø, Ragna-Johanne; Bernhoff, Eva; Holt, Kathryn E.; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Wyres, Kelly L.; Löhr, Iren Høyland (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-22)
      Objectives: To use the nationwide Norwegian surveillance programme on resistant microbes in humans (NORM) to address longitudinal changes in the population structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 2001–15, focusing on the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in Norway.<p> <p>Methods: Among blood (n = 6124) and urinary tract (n = 5496) surveillance isolates from ...

    • NORM/NORM-VET 2016 - Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway 

      Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2017)
      Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem worldwide. It reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals thereby leading to increased morbidity and mortality, as well as higher costs. It is well established that there is a strong association between the usage of antimicrobial agents and the occurrence of resistance, The selective pressure exerted ...

    • Obesity and Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization among Women and Men in a General Population 

      Olsen, Karina; Danielsen, Kjersti; Wilsgaard, Tom; Sangvik, Maria; Sollid, Johanna U. Ericson; Thune, Inger; Eggen, Anne Elise; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Furberg, Anne-Sofie (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been linked to increased risk of infections, and Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a major risk factor for developing infections with the microbe. We therefore sought to find whether body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) could be associated with S. aureus colonization independent of DM. Methodology: S. aureus colonization ...

    • Overvåkning av problembakterier i sykehus 

      Sandven, Per; Steinbakk, Martin; Fostervold, Aasmund; Grub, Carola; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Walberg, Mette (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2014)
      Det 26. strategimøtet i regi av Referansegruppen for eksterne kvalitetsvurderinger i bakteriologi, mykologi og parasittologi omhandlet «Overvåkning av problembakterier i sykehus» og ble avholdt 02.11.2012 i Oslo. På møtet deltok 54 representanter fra landets medisinsk-mikrobiologiske laboratorier.<br><br> Methicillinresistente gule stafylokokker (MRSA), vankomycinresistente enterokokker (VRE) og ...

    • Prevalence and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in healthcare workers in a general population. The Tromsø Staph and Skin Study 

      Olsen, Karina; Sangvik, Maria; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Thune, Inger; Furberg, Anne-Sofie (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Healthcare workers (HCWs) may be a reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus transmission to patients. We examined whether HCW status is associated with S. aureus nasal carriage and population structure (spa types) in 1302 women (334 HCWs) and 977 men (71 HCWs) aged 30–69 years participating in the population-based Tromsø Study in 2007–2008. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. While no ...

    • The proposed Drug Resistance Index (DRI) is not a good measure of antibiotic effectiveness in relation to drug resistance 

      Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Christina MJE; Kahlmeter, Gunnar; Kluytmans, Jan; Kluytmans-Van Den Bergh, Marjolein; Monnet, Dominique L; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Skov, Robert L; Wolff Sonksen, Ute; Voss, Andreas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-21)
      Summary box<p> <ul> <li>The Drug Resistance Index (DRI) is proposed as measure of antibiotic effectiveness in a given country, by combining, in a single metric the use of various antibiotic groups and the resistance proportions of several pathogens.</li> <li>The DRI is a complicated measure that gives results that cannot be understood by common knowledge and logic.</li> <li>The DRI conveys ...

    • Retrospective evidence for a biological cost of vancomycin resistance determinants in the absence of glycopeptide selective pressures 

      Johnsen, Pål jarle; Townsend, JP; Bøhn, Thomas; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sundsfjord, arnfinn; Nielsen, Kaare Magne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      To estimate the relative fitness differences between glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GREF) and glycopeptide-susceptible E. faecium (GSEF) from yearly surveillance data on the occurrence of GREF in Danish poultry farm environments. A population genetic model was adapted to retrospectively estimate the biological fitness cost of acquired resistance. Maximization of a likelihood function ...

    • Risk factors, immune response and whole‐genome sequencing of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a cruise ship outbreak in Norway 

      Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun; Henriksen, Stian; Hungnes, Olav; Svendsen, Kristian; Macdonald, Emily Ann; Schirmer, Henrik; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Kacelnik, Oliver; Elstrøm, Petter; Bragstad, Karoline; Rinaldo, Christine Hanssen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-18)
      Objective: To improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2-transmission and prevention measures on cruise ships, we investigated a Norwegian cruise ship outbreak from July to August 2020 using a multidisciplinary approach after a rapid outbreak response launched by local and national health authorities. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among crew members using epidemiologic data and results ...

    • Risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) among women with HPV-test in 1990–1992, a 30-year follow-up study 

      Riibe, Marit Østlyngen; Sørbye, Sveinung Wergeland; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Ekgren, Josef; Maltau, Jan Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-22)
      <i>Background/objective</i> - Having a 30-year follow-up of a cohort of women tested for HPV is a unique opportunity to further study long-term risk of CIN3+. The study objective was to compare HPV status at baseline with the risk of CIN3+ in the follow-up period of 30 years.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - All women (n = 642) referred to the HPV outpatient clinic at the University Hospital of North ...

    • Risk of lower respiratory tract infections: a genome-wide association study with Mendelian randomization analysis in three independent European populations 

      Flatby, Helene Marie; Rasheed, Humaira; Ravi, Anuradha; Thomas, Laurent; Liyanarachi, Kristin Vardheim; Afset, Jan Egil; DeWan, Andrew; Brumpton, Ben Michael; Hveem, Kristian; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Damås, Jan Kristian; Solligård, Erik; Rogne, Tormod (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-09)
      Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Few studies have previously investigated the genetic susceptibility and potential risk factors for LRTI. Methods: We used data from UK Biobank, HUNT, and FinnGen, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Cases were subjects hospitalized with LRTI, and controls were subjects with ...

    • Shotgun-metagenomics based prediction of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus from periprosthetic tissue on blood culture bottles 

      Sanabria-Moreno, Adriana Maria; James Peter, Jessin Janice; Hjerde, Erik; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Hanssen, Anne Merethe (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-21)
      Shotgun-metagenomics may give valuable clinical information beyond the detection of potential pathogen(s). Identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence genes and typing directly from clinical samples has been limited due to challenges arising from incomplete genome coverage. We assessed the performance of shotgun-metagenomics on positive blood culture bottles (n = 19) with periprosthetic ...

    • Shotgun-Metagenomics on Positive Blood Culture Bottles Inoculated With Prosthetic Joint Tissue: A Proof of Concept Study 

      Sanabria-Moreno, Adriana Maria; Hjerde, Erik; Johannessen, Mona; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Hanssen, Anne Merethe (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-17)
      Clinical metagenomics is actively moving from research to clinical laboratories. It has the potential to change the microbial diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially when detection and identification of pathogens can be challenging, such as in prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The application of metagenomic sequencing to periprosthetic joint tissue (PJT) specimens is often challenged by low ...